Evaluation of Several Commercial Algicides for Control of Odor-producing Cyanobacteria

The production of certain odorous metabolites is an undesirable attribute of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) growth in aquaculture ponds [e.g., channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus)] and in drinking water reservoirs. The most common odorous compounds encountered in catfish aquaculture are geosmin (trans-1,10-dimethyltrans-9-decalol) and 2-methylisoborneol(exo-1,2,7,7-tetramethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol). These compounds are also frequently encountered worldwide in reservoirs and aqueducts used for municipal drinking water systems(Schrader et al. 2002). In this study, several algicides were evaluated using a rapid bioassay to determine their effectiveness in controlling the MIB-producing cyanobacterium Oscillatoria perornata from a west Mississippi catfish pond and the MIBproducing Pseudanabaena sp. (strain LW397) from Lake Whitehurst, Virginia, used as a city water supply reservoir. The cyanobacterium Oscillatoria agardhii , not a MIB-producer, and the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum , found in catfish ponds in the southeastern United States, were included in the bioassay to help determine potential broad-spectrum toxicity of the commercial products. (PDF has 3 pages.

Bias in the temperature of helium nanodroplets measured by an embedded rotor

The ro--vibrational spectra of molecules dissolved in liquid $^4$He nanodroplets display rotational structure. Where resolved, this structure has been used to determine a temperature that has been assumed to equal that of the intrinsic excitations of the helium droplets containing the molecules. Consideration of the density of states as a function of energy and total angular momentum demonstrates that there is a small but significant bias of the rotor populations that make the temperature extracted from a fit to its rotational level populations slightly higher than the temperature of the ripplons of the droplet. This bias grows with both the total angular momentum of the droplet and with the moment of inertia of the solute molecule.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, to be published in Journal of Chemical Physic

Federal Law, State Policy, and Indian Gaming

This Article will set forth the legal authorization and the economic success of Indian gaming by asking and answering two rhetorical questions: What makes Indian gaming lawful? and What makes Indian gaming successful? This Article will conclude with the observation that Indian gaming exists almost entirely at the mercy of state governments. It will argue that, while Indian gaming began as a cross-border issue, it no longer has those features. Indeed, it has been transformed into the very antithesis of a cross-border issue, a political issue that is addressed almost entirely in the sphere of state political processes. The issue no longer spans borders, but is an internal state political issue. This Article will then explain the ramifications of this transformation both for federal Indian law and policy and for those who wish to study the development and resolution of cross-border problems

Potential of a neutral impurity in a large 4^4He clusters

This paper presents an analysis of the motion of an neutral impurity species in a nanometer scale $^4$He cluster, extending a previous study of the dynamics of an ionic impurity. It is shown that for realistic neutral impurity-He potentials, such as those of SF$_6$ and OCS, the impurity is kept well away of the the surface of the cluster by long range induction and dispersion interactions with He, but that a large number of `particle in a box' center of mass states are thermally populated. It is explicitly demonstrated how to calculate the spectrum that arises from the coupling of the impurity rotation and the center of mass motion, and it is found that this is a potentially significant source of inhomogeneous broadening in vibration-rotation spectra of anisotropic impurities. Another source of inhomogeneous broadening is the hydrodynamic coupling of the rotation of the impurity with the center of mass velocity. A quantum hamiltonian to describe this effect is derived from the classical hydrodynamic kinetic energy of an ellipsoid. Simple analytic expressions are derived for the resulting spectral line shape for an impurity in bulk He, and the relevant matrix elements derived to allow fully quantum calculations of the coupling of the center of mass motion and rotation for an impurity confined in a spherical He cluster. Lastly, the hydrodynamic contribution to the impurity effective moment of inertia is evaluated and found to produce only a minor fractional increase.Comment: 25 pages, 1 table, 13 figures, to be published in Molecular Physic

Tourism and culture in Mongolia: the case of Ulaanbaatar Naadam

The chapter discusses the different experiences of the two sets of visitors to the Ulaanbaala Naadan festival, based on a study conducted in 2005, and explores the challenges for this traditional cultural event posed by modern tourism and other forces. It commences with a brief overview of international and domestic tourism in Mongolia. The overview is followed by a review of the origins and history of Naadam as an indigenous cultural festival. The experiences of modern day visitors to the festival from overseas and from Mongolia are then examined and compared, with reference to similarities and differences between the two groups. Finally, the chapter considers issues and future challenges for the festival as a result of the increasing number of international visitors and their expectations of the festival

Additional Material Culture Remains from the Bowles Creek Site (41CE475) in Cherokee County, Texas

The Bowles Creek site is on a low alluvial rise in the Bowles Creek floodplain; Bowles Creek is a southward-flowing tributary of the Neches River. Stingley found the site in early 2015 during a surface walk over, when Caddo ceramic sherds were noted in a number of gopher mounds. He excavated a number of shovel tests (n=13) and three units (generally 1 x 1 m in size); the units were excavated to between 50-80 cm bs. The site covers at least an estimated 55 m (east-west) x 20 m (north-south) area. The initial archaeological investigations at the Bowles Creek site recovered 617 ceramic sherds, of which 461 were decorated. The plain to decorated sherd ratio in the assemblage was 0.34. Almost 69 percent of the sherds were from utility ware jars, including sherds from Bullard Brushed, Spradley Brushed-Incised, Killough Pinched, and Lindsey Grooved vessels, and ca. 91 percent of the sherds from the site were from grog-tempered vessels, including sherds from vessels tempered with both grog and bone. Approximately 10 percent of the sherds were from bone-tempered vessels. Sherds from both Patton Engraved (n=4) and Poynor Engraved (n=6) vessels were present in the Bowles Creek site fine wares, along with one trailed sherd. The character of the recovered ceramics from the site suggest the ancestral Caddo occupation dated after ca. A.D. 1650, in the Allen phase, although the occurrence of both Poynor Engraved and Patton Engraved sherds in the assemblage may indicate that the site was also used by Caddo peoples sometime before A.D. 1650, perhaps between ca. A.D. 1560-1650 in the latter part of the Frankston phase. A single radiocarbon date has been obtained on a piece of animal bone from Unit 3, 40-50 cm bs, at the site. The radiocarbon age of one AMS sample from the Bowles Creek site is 410 + 24 years B.P. (D-AMS 11799), or A.D. 1540 + 24. The 2 sigma calibration (95 percent probability) of this radiocarbon age, using IntCal13, is A.D. 1525 + 84. This result further suggests that there are Frankston phase (ca. A.D. 1400-1650) archaeological deposits preserved at the site. An additional sample of material culture remains from the Bowles Creek site was obtained by Stingley in July and August 2015, primarily from areas recently disturbed by wild hogs. These remains are the subject of this article