Clinico-epidemiological features of Buruli ulcer patients from Nigeria.

<p>*no available for 2 patients.</p><p>Clinico-epidemiological features of Buruli ulcer patients from Nigeria.</p

Localisation of Buruli ulcer patients in Nigeria.

<p>(A) Nigerian districts where Buruli ulcer patients were already described at least once, and neighbouring countries areas where Buruli ulcer is endemic. The number of cases described since 1967 is indicated for each Nigerian district. (B) Location of Benin and Nigerian patients coming in CDTUB-Pobè for treatment of Buruli ulcer.</p

A typical category III lesion of Buruli ulcer.

<p>Most Nigerian patients presented in medical center of Pobè in Benin with extensive ulcerative lesions. On the picture, the lesion of a Nigerian 10 years old child on the right thigh and with the typical characteristic of a late stage of the disease: large painless ulceration with presence of necrosis and undermined edges.</p

Buruli ulcer Nigerian patients.

<p>(A) Number of new Buruli ulcer patients coming from Nigeria and treated in Buruli ulcer treatment centre of Pobè, Benin between 2005 and 2013. (B) Age of patients by gender, *** <i>P</i> = 0.0001. (C) Distribution of patient consultation delay.</p

Schematic summary of the environmental sampling and detection of <i>M</i>. <i>ulcerans</i> by PCR.

<p>Schematic summary of the environmental sampling and detection of <i>M</i>. <i>ulcerans</i> by PCR.</p

Electronic Appendix 1 from Extending the durability of cultivar resistance by limiting epidemic growth rates

Detailed model structure and parameterization

Presence of <i>M</i>. <i>ulcerans</i> in aquatics vertebrates and macro-invertebrates collected in different areas of Oueme.

<p>The figures correspond to the abundance and the figures in brackets correspond to the number of positive qPCR pools (number of positive pools/total pools). qPCR targeting the KR and IS<i>2404</i> sequences was used to detect <i>M</i>. <i>ulcerans</i>. Only sample pools testing positive for both sequences were considered positive.</p><p>Presence of <i>M</i>. <i>ulcerans</i> in aquatics vertebrates and macro-invertebrates collected in different areas of Oueme.</p

Location of the sites used for environmental sampling in the area of Buruli ulcer endemicity in the Oueme Valley in Benin.

<p>A. Area of Buruli ulcer endemicity in the Oueme Valley in South-East Benin (red rectangle). B. Map indicating the sites at which flying insects and larvae were collected (red points) and aquatic sampling was carried out (green points). C. Map showing the locations along the Oueme River of Buruli ulcer patients, from 2010 to 2013 (cumulative cases in black points).</p

Univariate analysis.

<p>Incidence rate ratios estimated for the landscape groups and the distance to the Nyong River in 154 villages of Akonolinga district, Cameroon, 2002–2012.</p>1<p>IRR: Incidence Rate ratio.</p>2<p>[95%CI]: 95% confidence interval.</p><p>Univariate analysis.</p

Landscape-associated risk of BU in Akonolinga district, 2002–2012.

<p>A: Classification of Akonolinga area villages according to landscape group and associated BU incidence ratio with 95% confidence interval. B: Predicted cumulative incidence for each village of the district according to the landscape model (cases/1,000py). C: Observed cumulative incidence rate for each village of the district (cases/1,000py).</p