Establishing the Reliability and Accuracy of Data Collection for the FIFA 11+ Pre-Participation Study

The FIFA 11+ Pre-Participation study at the University of Vermont is investigating the impact that FIFA 11+ has on injuries to high school athletes. The FIFA 11+ Pre-Participation program has been shown to reduce the incidence of lower extremity injury in elite soccer athletes; however, it is unclear if the program has a similar effect on developing high school athletes or if it can reduce injury in other sports. Recognizing that an athletes’ compliance with the FIFA 11+ program may be directly linked to the effectiveness of the program, an outcome measure that documented compliance was developed. The outcome measure that was developed was a form designed to record pre-participation components of a warm-up by observers for the FIFA 11+ study. The objective of this investigation was to establish the intrarater and interrater reliability and accuracy of this compliance outcome measure. A repeated-measures study design was used to determine the reliability and accuracy of the outcome measure. The examiners who collected data for the FIFA 11+ study were asked to volunteer for this investigation, which involved attending two observation sessions that were two weeks apart. The observation sessions involved watching five warm-up videos, each one about ten minutes long, and then recording what occurred in the warm-up. They used the outcome measure to record their observations of the same five pre-participation warm-ups during each session. The outcome measure had 66 warm-up exercises, or components, that could be recorded. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) were used to determine the intrarater and interrater reliability for each component of the outcome measure. A component with an ICC above 0.60 was considered reliable for this study. The sensitivity and specificity of each component, as well as percent agreement of the examiners with the gold standard examiner for each component were used to determine the accuracy. A component was accurate if above 60% of the observations were in agreement with the gold standard examiner that the component either was or was not present in the warm-up. If any components were proven unreliable or inaccurate the outcome measure was simplified by reducing the number of components. The new components, which were each a result of combining two unreliable components, had ICCs, sensitivity and specificity recalculated as if all observations of either of the original components counted toward the new component. The outcome measure was established to be partially reliable and partially accurate. Out of the 34 components observed there were five components that were intrarater unreliable and 18 components that were interrater unreliable. All of the components that were intrarater unreliable were also interrater unreliable. Only one component was inaccurate with 58% of the observations of that component in agreement with the gold standard examiner’s observations. Of the total 18 unreliable components, seven were combined with another component to simplify the outcome measure

Sun in the Hollow

What it means to have hope

Sun in the Hollow

What it means to have hope

Vocation

What I want to be when I grow up

Structure of Innocence

Chicago-based artist Meg Kettelkamp makes abstract paintings comprised of large gestural brushstrokes and playful mark making. Her process is experimental and questions traditional ideas about contemporary art. Her work sketches out a world where cities are giant playgrounds for the workforce—the ideal space in which adults may reconnect with their childhood memories of spontaneity and innocence. Playgrounds and skyscrapers collide into abstract structures, bringing two worlds together and suggesting a return to a child-like simplicity and wonder. The unrestrained energy of her work creates an immersive and imaginative flow of pigment that evokes curiosity and challenges the familiar

Aurora Volume 103

College formerly located at Olivet, Illinois and known as Olivet University, 1912-1923; Olivet College, 1923-1939, Olivet Nazarene College, 1940-1986, Olivet Nazarene University, 1986-https://digitalcommons.olivet.edu/arch_yrbks/1169/thumbnail.jp

Motion Compensated Unsupervised Deep Learning for 5D MRI

We propose an unsupervised deep learning algorithm for the motion-compensated reconstruction of 5D cardiac MRI data from 3D radial acquisitions. Ungated free-breathing 5D MRI simplifies the scan planning, improves patient comfort, and offers several clinical benefits over breath-held 2D exams, including isotropic spatial resolution and the ability to reslice the data to arbitrary views. However, the current reconstruction algorithms for 5D MRI take very long computational time, and their outcome is greatly dependent on the uniformity of the binning of the acquired data into different physiological phases. The proposed algorithm is a more data-efficient alternative to current motion-resolved reconstructions. This motion-compensated approach models the data in each cardiac/respiratory bin as Fourier samples of the deformed version of a 3D image template. The deformation maps are modeled by a convolutional neural network driven by the physiological phase information. The deformation maps and the template are then jointly estimated from the measured data. The cardiac and respiratory phases are estimated from 1D navigators using an auto-encoder. The proposed algorithm is validated on 5D bSSFP datasets acquired from two subjects.Comment: MICCAI 2023 conference pape

Accuracy and Reliability of Examiners’ Observations of Pre-Practice Warm-Up and FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program Exercises

Background: The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 11+ is an injury prevention program that decreases the incidence of lower extremity injuries. The purpose of the current study was to understand what specific exercises prevented injury from occurring. We thus developed and tested a form to identify these exercises. We hypothesize that trained examiners could accurately and reliably use this form to identify and record individual exercises performed during preparticipation warm-up. Methods: A repeated-measures study design was used in this investigation. After observing five prepractice warm-up videos obtained from multiple high schools, 11 examiners observed and recorded performed exercises at two different times. The videos included four soccer teams and one American football team. Accuracy, interexaminer reliability, and intraexaminer reliability were assessed. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and percent agreement with a FIFA 11+ expert were measured for each exercise component. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients between examiners and individually ranged from 0.22 to 1.00 and 0.58 to 1.00, respectively. Reliability was lowest for exercises with similar movements. The percent agreement across all examiners for individual exercises ranged from 20% to 100%. Additionally, the percent agreement between each examiner and the “gold standard” examiner was high (range, 69.6% to 90.4%). For exercises with similar movements, accuracy and reliability were considerably improved (97%) when combined into one category. Conclusion: We determined that trained examiners with different backgrounds and experience can make accurate and reliable observations of most exercises observed in warm-up programs. Using the proposed form, researchers can accurately record exercises and perform quality and fidelity assessments of warm-up exercise routines

Evaluation of Artificial Lighting Sources for the Acquisition of Color Infrared Imagery Under Glasshouse Conditions

English: Research was conducted to evaluate the spectral properties, illumination intensities and lighting patterns of four basic categories of bulbs and lamps which could conceivably serve as sole lighting sources for the acquisition of color infrared (CIR) imagery under glasshouse conditions. Bulbs and lamps in two major categories (fluorescent tubes and sodium- and mercury-vapor glasshouse lamps) were deemed unsuitable for this purpose either because they emitted little or no nearinfrared (NIR) radiation or because they imparted an overall bluish cast that seriously degraded the quality of CIR imagery. All of the incandescent and quartz halogen lamps evaluated in these studies exhibited spectral properties suitable for CIR image acquisition, i.e., they emitted relatively high levels of both visible and NIR radiation. However, most bulbs and lamps in these categories were characterized by either inadequate levels of illumination or reflectors that produced a circular lighting pattern in which luminosity varied substantially from the center portion of the image to the edges. The most suitable bulb evaluated was a heavy-duty (500W) quartz halogen lamp with a rectangular reflector which, when modified by the addition of crumpled aluminum foil to the reflector housing, produced adequate levels of illumination that was distributed in a near-uniform pattern across the target area. Color infrared imagery of plant foliage acquired using this lamp as a sole lighting source was comparable in quality to imagery of the same plant material acquired under natural lighting conditions. The performance of this particular lamp is used to exemplify the stringent requirements of any lamp under consideration as a sole lighting source for CIR image acquisition within the glasshouse environment. Spanish: Se investigaron las propiedades espectrales, las intensidades de iluminación y los patrones de luz de cuatro tipos básicos de bulbos y lámparas que podrían servir como fuentes únicas de luz para la adquisición de imágenes infrarrojas (CIR) bajo condiciones de invernadero. No se consideraron adecuados para este propósito los bulbos y las lámparas en dos categorías importantes (tubos de fluorescencia y lámparas de invernadero de vapor de mercurio y sodio ya que o emitieron muy poca o ninguna radiación infrarroja cercana (NIR) o porque impartieron un tono azul que degradó seriamente la calidad de las imágenes CIR. Todas las lámparas incandescentes y de halógeno de cuarzo evaluadas en estos estudios exhibieron propiedades espectrales adecuadas para la adquisición de imágenes infrarrojas, por ejemplo, emitieron niveles relativamente altos de radiación visible y de radiación cercana al infrarrojo. Sin embargo, las mayoría de los bulbos y lámparas en esta categoría se caracterizaron por producir niveles inadecuados de iluminación o por producir un patrón de luz circular en el cual la luminosidad varió substancialmente de la porción central de la imagen a las orillas. El bulbo probado que resultó mas adecuado fue la lámpara de halógeno-cuarzo con un reflector rectangular el cual, cuando se modificó por la adición de papel aluminio arrugado al nicho del reflector, produjo niveles adecuados de iluminación que se distribuyeron en un patrón casi uniforme a lo largo de la área expuesta. Las imágenes infrarrojas del follaje vegetal tomadas usando esta lámpara como única fuente de luz fueron comparables en calidad a las imágenes del mismo follaje tomadas bajo condiciones de luz natural. El desempeño de esta lámpara en particular es usado para ejemplificar los estrictos requerimientos para cualquier lámpara que sea usada como única fuente de luz para la adquisición de imágenes de color infrarrojo en ambiente de invernadero

Changes in knee kinematics reflect the articular geometry after arthroplasty

We hypothesized changes in rotations and translations after TKA with a fixed-bearing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-sacrificing but posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-retaining design with equal-sized, circular femoral condyles would reflect the changes of articular geometry. Using 8 cadaveric knees, we compared the kinematics of normal knees and TKA in a standardized navigated position with defined loads. The quadriceps was tensed and moments and drawer forces applied during knee flexion-extension while recording the kinematics with the navigation system. TKA caused loss of the screw-home; the flexed tibia remained at the externally rotated position of normal full knee extension with considerably increased external rotation from 63° to 11° extension. The range of internal-external rotation was shifted externally from 30° to 20° extension. There was a small tibial posterior translation from 40° to 90° flexion. The varus-valgus alignment and laxity did not change after TKA. Thus, navigated TKA provided good coronal plane alignment but still lost some aspects of physiologic motion. The loss of tibial screw-home was related to the symmetric femoral condyles, but the posterior translation in flexion was opposite the expected change after TKA with the PCL intact and the ACL excised. Thus, the data confirmed our hypothesis for rotations but not for translations. It is not known whether the standard navigated position provides the best match to physiologic kinematics