Bladder Cancer Detection Using Electrical Impedance Technique (Tabriz Mark 1)

Bladder cancer is the fourth most common malignant neoplasm in men and the eighth in women. Bladder pathology is usually investigated visually by cystoscopy. In this technique, biopsies are obtained from the suspected area and then, after needed procedure, the diagnostic information can be taken. This is a relatively difficult procedure and is associated with discomfort for the patient and morbidity. Therefore, the electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), a minimally invasive screening technique, can be used to separate malignant areas from nonmalignant areas in the urinary bladder. The feasibility of adapting this technique to screen for bladder cancer and abnormalities during cystoscopy has been explored and compared with histopathological evaluation of urinary bladder lesions. Ex vivo studies were carried out in this study by using a total of 30 measured points from malignant and 100 measured points from non-malignant areas of patients bladders in terms of their biopsy reports matching to the electrical impedance measurements. In all measurements, the impedivity of malignant area of bladder tissue was significantly higher than the impedivity of non-malignant area this tissue (P < 0.005)

Efficient analysis of metal and dielectric rods in rectangular waveguide with ferrite magnetized transversely

This is an Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Zahra Bahrami, Asghar Keshtkar, Ayaz Ghorbani & Hector Esteban (2020) Efficient analysis of metal and dielectric rods in rectangular waveguide with ferrite magnetized transversely, Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 34:2, 141-153 [copyright Taylor & Francis], available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/09205071.2019.1690589[EN] This paper presents a new analytical method based on mode matching technique for a waveguide full of anisotropic material with rods. It is proved that mode matching technique is applicable for the waveguide with anisotropic materials. The problem is considered as a 2D electromagnetic problem assuming no field variation normal to the waveguide length. Incident and scattered fields from circular cylinder rods in ferrite medium are expanded with cylindrical modes, and the fields in the waveguide ports are expanded using progressive and regressive modal summations. In both regions, extraordinary wave number is considered for the fields. Finally, the hybrid mode matching between guided and cylindrical modes is done by projecting continuity equations in the circular boundary containing the rod. The fast Fourier transform is used to solve the matching in the presented method. It is shown, that the new method runs faster than commercial software packages, with very good accuracy.Bahrami, Z.; Keshtkar, A.; Ghorbani, A.; Esteban González, H. (2020). Efficient analysis of metal and dielectric rods in rectangular waveguide with ferrite magnetized transversely. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications. 34(2):141-153. https://doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2019.1690589S141153342Bachiller, C., Gonzalez, H. E., Boria Esbert, V. E., Belenguer Martinez, A., & Morro, J. V. (2007). Efficient Technique for the Cascade Connection of Multiple Two-Port Scattering Matrices. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 55(9), 1880-1886. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2007.904076Koshiba, M., & Suzuki, M. (1986). Finite-Element Analysis of H-Plane Waveguide Junction with Arbitrarily Shaped Ferrite Post. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 34(1), 103-109. doi:10.1109/tmtt.1986.1133286Ise, K., & Koshiba, M. (1989). Equivalent circuits for dielectric posts in a rectangular waveguide. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 37(11), 1823-1825. doi:10.1109/22.41054Ise, K., & Koshiba, M. (1990). Dielectric post resonances in a rectangular waveguide. IEE Proceedings H Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 137(1), 61. doi:10.1049/ip-h-2.1990.0011Auda, H. A., & Smith, C. E. (1990). The resonance method for evaluating the impedances of the equivalent network for dielectric posts in a rectangular waveguide. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 38(11), 1595-1602. doi:10.1109/22.60004Diaz Caballero, E., Esteban, H., Belenguer, A., & Boria, V. (2012). Efficient Analysis of Substrate Integrated Waveguide Devices Using Hybrid Mode Matching Between Cylindrical and Guided Modes. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 60(2), 232-243. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2011.2178424Nafe, A., & Shamim, A. (2015). An Integrable SIW Phase Shifter in a Partially Magnetized Ferrite LTCC Package. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 63(7), 2264-2274. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2015.2436921Ghaffar, F. A., & Shamim, A. (2015). A Partially Magnetized Ferrite LTCC-Based SIW Phase Shifter for Phased Array Applications. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 51(6), 1-8. doi:10.1109/tmag.2015.2404303Ghiotto, A., Adhikari, S., & Wu, K. (2012). Ferrite-Loaded Substrate Integrated Waveguide Switch. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 22(3), 120-122. doi:10.1109/lmwc.2012.218385

ASCCC Fractal and Its Application in Antenna Miniaturization

In this chapter, ASCCC fractal is defined. The name “ASCCC” is based on the process that the fractal is built. It is made by adding and subtracting circles to the circumference of a circle. Then the necessary formulas to build up the first and higher orders of ASCCC fractal are derived. By calculating the perimeter of each order, it is shown that the ASCCC fractal has a great capability in antenna miniaturization. Based on first-order ASCCC fractal, a systematic approach is designed to miniaturize an antipodal dipole at any arbitrary frequency. Then the proposed method is applied at band LTE13 (746–787 MHz), which is controversy for mobile antenna, because it causes the size of a common antenna to become very large for a handheld mobile. It is illustrated that not only the ASCCC fractal is successful in miniaturization of dipole antenna, but also it is very good at improving the antenna’s efficiency in comparison with its counterparts like Koch dipole/monopole

Evaluation of Patients’ Exposure during Angiography and Angioplasty Procedures in the Angiography Department of Shahid Madani Hospital in Tabriz

Introduction: Coronary angiography and angioplasty procedures lead to significant radiation exposure of patients. In the current study, the average radiation dose to patients during angiography in the Angiography Department of Shahid-Madani Hospital was determined. Materials and Methods: An image intensifier based angiography unit (Philips BH 3000) was used for angiography procedures. The accuracy of the internal dosimeter was verified. Dose-area products (DAP) of patients (236 cases) during fluoroscopy and cine acquisition were recorded. Analyzing the data, the average radiation doses to patients for angiography and angioplasty and also for fluoroscopy and cine acquisition were determined. Additionally, the average fluoroscopy time for all patients was estimated. Results: The average DAPs of 23.7 and 91.5 Gycm2 were estimated for angiography and angioplasty respectively. Patient doses including fluoroscopy, cine acquisition and the total dose for angiography were 2, 7.7 and 3.8 times lower than angioplasty procedures respectively. Average fluoroscopy time was 1.9 times lower for angiography compared to angioplasty. Discussion and Conclusion: Fluoroscopy time and patient dose during fluoroscopy were in good agreement with other studies. However, the dose to patients during angioplasty was higher compared to other reports. To reduce patient dose in angioplasty procedures, the use of the lowest available frame rate, smallest field size and retraining of operators and technologists are recommended

Design and Construction of an Optical Computed Tomography Scanner for Polymer Gel Dosimetry Application

Polymer gel dosimeter is the only accurate three dimensional (3D) dosimeter that can measure the absorbed dose distribution in a perfect 3D setting. Gel dosimetry by using optical computed tomography (OCT) has been promoted by several researches. In the current study, we designed and constructed a prototype OCT system for gel dosimetry. First, the electrical system for optical scanning of the gel container using a Helium-Neon laser and a photocell was designed and constructed. Then, the mechanical part for two rotational and translational motions was designed and step motors were assembled to it. The data coming from photocell was grabbed by the home-built interface and sent to a personal computer. Data processing was carried out using MATLAB software. To calibrate the system and tune up the functionality of it, different objects was designed and scanned. Furthermore, the spatial and contrast resolution of the system was determined. The system was able to scan the gel dosimeter container with a diameter up to 11 cm inside the water phantom. The standard deviation of the pixels within water flask image was considered as the criteria for image uniformity. The uniformity of the system was about ±0.05%. The spatial resolution of the system was approximately 1 mm and contrast resolution was about 0.2%. Our primary results showed that this system is able to obtain two-dimensional, cross-sectional images from polymer gel samples