Observation of deformation modes in Mg-3Al-1Zn

Since magnesium alloys are the lightest metallic materials, they are very attractive for automotive and aerospace industries. The main problem of these alloys is limited ductility due to a shortage of independent slip systems. In order to improve the formability in these alloys, an understanding of the deformation modes is required. In the present work, different slip systems were investigated in rolled Mg-3Al-IZn by means of in situ tensile tests in the SEM. These permitted electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and electron backscatter diffraction imaging (QBSD) to be carried out during the test. The results show that non-basal slip systems are active at room temperature

Microstructural features of rolled mg-3Al-1Zn

The microstructures of hot- and cold-rolled Mg-3Al-1Zn (AZ31) are examined using scanning electron and optical microscopy. It is shown that the microstructures following multipass hot rolling and annealing are more uniform than those formed by heavy single pass rolling and annealing. The importance of twins in producing intragranular recrystallization is evident, although the most dominant nucleation site is grain boundaries. The cold-rolled structure after a rolling reduction of 15 pct is dominated by the presence of deformation twins. Twin trace analysis suggests that approximately two thirds of the twins are a form of &ldquo;c-axis compression&rdquo; twin. A number of &ldquo;c-axis tension&rdquo; twins were also observed and additional in-situ scanning electron microscopy experiments were performed to confirm earlier observations that suggest these twins can form after deformation, during unloading. <br /

Concerns of Women of Reproductive Age with Multiple Sclerosis: A Qualitative Study

AbstractIntroduction: Psychological disorders are the leading cause of disabilities, socialharms, and reduced quality of life in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Thisqualitative study was conducted to describe the concerns of females with MS.Methods: In this qualitative study, 16 females with MS at the reproductive agewith medical records at the MS Society of Tabriz were selected using the purposivesampling technique and underwent semi-structured in-depth individual interviews.All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using conventional contentanalysis.Results: In this study, 23 codes were identified from transcribed interviews andcategorized to two sub-categories, fears and feelings. These two sub-categories formedthe main category, named concerns.Conclusions: Regarding concerns of these patients, their regular health monitoring byphysicians and healthcare providers is recommended in an attempt to alleviate theseconcerns

A Comparison Between the Skills-Based Education with a Lecture-Based Education on Female Adolescents’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Health in Puberty: A Randomized Trail Study

Abstract Introduction: Skills-based health education is useful in the promotion of health behaviors. Preparing for puberty is essential for adolescents. This study aimed to assess the effects of a skills-based education on girls' knowledge, attitudes, and practice about health in puberty. Methods: This was an experimental study on 80 female school students in Tehran, Iran. Two groups of forty participants were randomly designated as the experimental and control in two different high schools in Tehran. A skills-based education program trained the experimental group, and a routine lecture-based education taught the control group about health in puberty. Data was collected using a questionnaire that assessed the participants' knowledge, attitudes, and practice about health in puberty; before, immediately after, and two months after the education. Results: Knowledge and attitude were significantly improved in the skills-based education group comparing to the Lecture-based group, immediately after (P = 0.002 and P = 0.045, respectively) and two months after the interventions (P &lt; 0.001 and P = 0.034, respectively). Both methods were not effective in improving practice. Conclusions: Skills-based health education is more effective than the routine lecture-based education on improving knowledge and attitudes about puberty in health

The Impact of a School-Based Intervention Using the PBSEIM Model on Health Promoting Behaviors and Self-Care in Adolescent Females

AbstractIntroduction: Developing effective health habits during adolescence dramatically effects behavior formation during adulthood. Therefore, the current study was conducted with an aim to investigate the impact of school-based intervention using «Integrated Model of Planned Behavior and Self-Efficacy» (PBSEIM) on self-care and health promoting behaviors of female high school students of Abyek city, Qazvin Province (Iran), during year 2016.Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 100 female public high school students aged 15 to 19 years old in Abyek city, Qazvin Province. Two schools were randomly selected between 6 high schools. One of the high schools was randomly selected as the intervention group and the other one as the control group. Three classrooms in each school were randomly selected and the necessary samples were collected from each class. Overall, 100 samples had the inclusion criteria; 50 were included in the intervention and 50 in the control group. Demographic, “Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile” (HPLP II), and “Adolescent Girl’s Self-Care Questionnaire” was completed by both groups before and after the interventions. Face validity and content validity of the self-care questionnaire were assessed. Also, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for this questionnaire was obtained as 0.73.The students in the intervention group were trained using the PBSEIM model and the control group received routine training. Data was collected and analyzed using the SPSS software (version 22) and independent and paired t tests. Values lower than 0.05 were considered significant.Results: There was a significant difference before and after the intervention in the average scores of health-promoting behaviors and self-care of adolescents in the intervention group in comparison to the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Inter-group comparison demonstrated a significantly higher increase of health-promoting behaviors and self-care of adolescents in the intervention group before and after the intervention (P-value &lt; 0.05).Conclusions: School-based educational intervention using psychosocial models is effective in changing health-promoting behaviors and self-care

Effects of Sex Hormones in Combined oral Contraceptives and Cyclofem on Female Sexual Dysfunction Score: A Study on Iranian Females

AbstractIntroduction: Unwanted pregnancy can endanger reproductive health, and its complications could adversely affect quality of life in females, families, and the community. A large number of unwanted pregnancies are terminated with abortion or stillbirth. Sex is an important aspect of quality of life. According to reproductive rights, females have the right to experience a safe and enjoyable sexual relationship. This study aimed at comparing sexual function scores between females taking combined oral contraceptives and Cyclofem at health centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences of Tehran, Iran, During Year 2013.Methods: This descriptive-comparative study was carried -out on 240 females (each group 120) in Tehran, Iran, by multistage sampling. Data collection tools had 3 parts; General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), demographic variables, and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) that were completed by interviews. Descriptive statistics, independent t, Mann-Whitney test, chi-square, and SPPS16 were used for analysis of data. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: The difference in sexual function between combined oral contraceptives and cyclofem was insignificant. Scores of desire and arousal dimensions were better in combined oral contraceptive consumers than cyclofem users.Conclusions: It is important for females to choose hormonal contraception methods, which are the most effective, yet, cause the least sexual dysfunction

EBSD analysis of deformation modes in Mg-3Al-1Zn

Researches the use of the electron back scattered diffraction analysis (EBSD) technique in investigating deformation modes in the magnesium alloy Mg-3Al-1Zn. Results showed the importance of non-basal slip, compression and double twinning during deformation of rolled Mg-3Al-1Zn. In as-cast material, twinning behaviour was more varied and complicated and could even occur upon unloading

EBSD analysis of deformation modes in Mg-3A1-1Zn

Wrought magnesium alloys exhibit poor cold formability and the accepted explanation is the shortage of independent slip systems. In order to improve the formability in these alloys, an understanding of the deformation modes is required. In the present work, activation of different slip and twinning systems are investigated in rolled Mg&ndash;3Al&ndash;1Zn using electron back scattering diffraction. Analysis was performed on deformed surfaces and on metallographically prepared cross-sections following deformation at room temperature. The results reinforce the importance of prismatic slip and c-axis compression double twinning.<br /

Feeding behavioral assessment in children with cleft lip and/or palate and parental responses to behavior problems

Background: Children with cleft lip and/or palate frequently experience feeding difficulties that may place them at risk of malnutrition. Parents' negative response to these problems is associated with development of problematic behaviors in the child. This study aimed to investigate feeding behavior in children with cleft lip and/or palate and parental responses to these problems. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 parents of children (aged 6 months to 6 years) with cleft lip and/or palate were recruited from the Cleft Lip and Palate Clinic in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, who gave consent and completed a two-part questionnaire through interviews. Part A of the questionnaire consisted of 25 items that evaluate children's feeding behavior during mealtimes and part B consists of 18 items that assess parental response (strategies, feelings, and anxiety) to these problems. Results: Independent t-test showed a significant difference in the mean score of feeding behavior in mothers (P = 0.020) and parental responses in fathers (P = 0.030). The Pearson correlation coefficient showed an inverse correlation between behavioral feeding score and children's interval (P = 0.008, r = −0.381) and direct correlation between parental response and feeding behavioral difficulties (P = 0.003, r = 0.428). Conclusions: With regards to the results representing appropriate feeding behaviors in children with cleft lip and/or palate, it is suggested that feeding be avioral assessment is an essential nursing and nonmedical intervention for all children