Feasibility of noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy to diagnose detrusor overactivity

Item does not contain fulltextIntroduction: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an optical technology able to detect the hemodynamic changes in biological tissues. Our objective was to determine the feasibility of applying NIRS in the noninvasive diagnosis of detrusor overactivity (DO). Patients and Methods: Comparative analysis was performed on 39 involuntary detrusor contractions (IDC) from 23 filling cystometries with simultaneous noninvasive NIRS of the bladder in 14 patients with DO. Motion artifacts were checked for via surface EMG of the abdominal muscles. Results: Thirty-nine IDC were obtained. The median amplitude of rise in detrusor pressure at DO was 48 cm H(2)O (range: 5-219). The median filling volume at DO was 148 ml (range: 9-531). NIRS curves demonstrated apparently significant deviations from baseline in 35 of 39 (90%) DO episodes. All onsets of NIRS deviations occurred within the time period of the IDC with a mean delay of 3 s (range: 0-9). Conclusion: NIRS can be a potential tool for the noninvasive diagnosis of DO

Food as a matter of being : experiential continuity in transnational lives

This chapter is based on the research project “The Transnational Life of Objects: Material Practices of Migrants’ Being and Belonging,” which promotes a broad interest in how objects constitute transnational social spaces established by migrants and by their counterparts who stayed behind. The question of how people make choices, exercise agency and create continuity in conditions of transnational migration is pursued, with the focus on objects and material practices. Deliberations around the meanings of “the taste of home” are plentiful in the intersected fields of food, migration and material culture studies, and tend to focus on identity and memory. Indeed, food can be interpreted as a material expression of belonging, status or family history, or of social and cultural difference. Food can be central to migrants’ creation of places of remembrance or pride, mourning or celebration, privacy or symbolic communion, or economic connection with the relatives who stayed behind. As the negotiation of belonging often entails communication through objects, food parcels are involved in multifaceted quests and attempts to belong. However, by presenting and discussing some ethnographic examples of sensuous aspects of transnational interconnections in situations of physical separation, I promote a complementary approach that centres on the materiality of food and food-related objects and practices

Subjectivity and Citizenship: Intersections of Space, Ethnicity and Identity Among the Urdu-Speaking Minority in Bangladesh

The paper examines understandings of citizenship and ethnic identification among the ‘Urdu-speaking linguistic minority’ in Bangladesh, addressing three key areas of debate. Firstly, it explores the relationship between the material institution of citizenship and conditions of (physical) integration/segregation. Secondly, it attempts to unpick the intimate connection between that material institution and the ethnic and national identities of individuals. Finally, it investigates a dissonance discovered between the bureaucratic state recognition of citizenship and imaginations of that status among interviewees, the ‘identities of citizenship’ occupied at the local level. The paper demonstrates the significance of subject positionality, economies of power and the ‘dialogic’ nature of ethnic identity formation, and discusses the complex emotional ordering of belonging they collectively construct