279 research outputs found
Backreaction in Cosmological Models
Most cosmological models studied today are based on the assumption of
homogeneity and isotropy. Observationally one can find evidence that supports
these assumptions on very large scales, the strongest being the almost isotropy
of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation after assigning the whole dipole
to our proper motion relative to this background. However, on small and on
intermediate scales up to several hundreds of Mpcs, there are strong deviations
from homogeneity and isotropy. Here the problem arises how to relate the
observations with the homogeneous and isotropic models. The usual proposal for
solving this problem is to assume that Friedmann-Lemaitre models describe the
mean observables. Such mean values may be identified with spatial averages. For
Newtonian fluid dynamics the averaging procedure has been discussed in detail
in Buchert and Ehlers (1997), leading to an additional backreaction term in the
Friedmann equation. We use the Eulerian linear approximation and the
`Zel'dovich approximation' to estimate the effect of the backreaction term on
the expansion. Our results indicate that even for domains matching the
background density in the mean, the evolution of the scale factor strongly
deviates from the Friedmann solution, critically depending on the velocity
field inside.Comment: 4 pages LaTeX, 2 figures, a4wide.sty include
Improving the accuracy of estimators for the two-point correlation function
We show how to increase the accuracy of estimates of the two-point
correlation function without sacrificing efficiency. We quantify the error of
the pair-counts and of the Landy-Szalay estimator by comparing with exact
reference values. The standard method, using random point sets, is compared to
geometrically motivated estimators and estimators using quasi Monte-Carlo
integration. In the standard method the error scales proportional to
, with the number of random points. In our improved methods
the error is scaling almost proportional to , where is the number
of points from a low discrepancy sequence. In an example we achieve a speedup
by a factor of over the standard method, still keeping the same level of
accuracy. We also discuss how to apply these improved estimators to
incompletely sampled galaxy catalogues.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, submitted to A&
Dimensionality and morphology of particle and bubble clusters in turbulent flow
We conduct numerical experiments to investigate the spatial clustering of
particles and bubbles in simulations of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence.
Varying the Stokes parameter and the densities, striking differences in the
clustering of the particles can be observed. To quantify these visual findings
we use the Kaplan--Yorke dimension. This local scaling analysis shows a
dimension of approximately 1.4 for the light bubble distribution, whereas the
distribution of very heavy particles shows a dimension of approximately 2.4.
However, clearly separate parameter combinations yield the same dimensions. To
overcome this degeneracy and to further develop the understanding of
clustering, we perform a morphological (geometrical and topological) analysis
of the particle distribution. For such an analysis, Minkowski functionals have
been successfully employed in cosmology, in order to quantify the global
geometry and topology of the large-scale distribution of galaxies. In the
context of dispersed multiphase flow, these Minkowski functionals -- being
morphological order parameters -- allow us to discern the filamentary structure
of the light particle distribution from the wall-like distribution of heavy
particles around empty interconnected tunnels.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
A comparison of estimators for the two-point correlation function
Nine of the most important estimators known for the two-point correlation
function are compared using a predetermined, rigorous criterion. The indicators
were extracted from over 500 subsamples of the Virgo Hubble Volume simulation
cluster catalog. The ``real'' correlation function was determined from the full
survey in a 3000Mpc/h periodic cube. The estimators were ranked by the
cumulative probability of returning a value within a certain tolerance of the
real correlation function. This criterion takes into account bias and variance,
and it is independent of the possibly non-Gaussian nature of the error
statistics. As a result for astrophysical applications a clear recommendation
has emerged: the Landy & Szalay (1993) estimator, in its original or grid
version Szapudi & Szalay (1998), are preferred in comparison to the other
indicators examined, with a performance almost indistinguishable from the
Hamilton (1993) estimator.Comment: aastex, 10 pages, 1 table, 1 figure, revised version, accepted in
ApJ
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