Art for all

Cilj urejanja okolja po načelih oblikovanja za vse je zagotoviti, da lahko vsak posameznik ne glede na oviro sodeluje v informacijski družbi. Združuje načela, kako naj bi izdelke, storitve in sisteme uporabljalo čim več ljudi, ne da bi jih bilo treba posebej prilagajati. Zakaj ne bi pojma oblikovanje za vse prenesli na prav vsa področja, recimo tudi na področje umetnosti? V pričujočem članku razmišljamo, kako bi lahko prilagodili likovno umetnino, predvsem dvodimenzionalno, slepemu ali slabovidnemu obiskovalcu galerije ali muzeja, in navajamo, kaj je že narejenega na tem področju. Opisujemo tudi učbenik za pouk likovne umetnosti, prilagojen slepim in slabovidnim učencem.The aim of spatial planning on the principles of "design for all" is to ensure that every individual, regardless of obstacle, can participate in the information society. It combines the principles of how as many people as possible could use products, services and systems without adjusting them. Why should we not transfer the concept of "design for all" also to other areas, such as the field of art? In this article we consider how a work of art, especially a two-dimensional one, could be adapted for blind or visually impaired visitors of a gallery or to a museum, and list what has already been done in this area. We also describe a textbook for teaching fine arts, adapted for blind and partially sighted students

Vlaknina u hranidbi kunića: najnovije preporuke

In rabbit nutrition fibre is especially important because imbalance in fibre supply often results in higher mortality. In this review particular attention is devoted to the dietary fibre definition and to the impact of separate fibre fractions on the digestion and on health status of rabbits. The fibre requirements and recent fibre recommendations for growing rabbits in post-weaning and in fattening period are reviewed.Vlaknina je osobito važna u hranidbi kunića jer neuravnotežena opskrba vlakninom često ima za posljedicu veću smrtnost. U ovom pregledu osobita se pozornost posvećuje definiranju hranid¬bene vlaknine u obroku i djelovanju pojedinih frakcija vlaknine na probavu i zdravstveno stanje kunića. Dat je pregled potreba za vlakninom i najnovijih preporuka u vezi s vlakninom za kuniće u porastu u razdoblju nakon odbića i u tovu

Umjetničke slike dostupne slijepima

The purpose of the article is to explore in what ways visual arts can be brought closer to blind persons in the postmodern society, in which sight is perceived to be the highest of the senses and in which most information is based on images. The basic methods of presenting a work of art involve the remaining senses, mostly those of hearing and of touch. It is of course not enough just to deliver a factual description of a painting or to transform it into tactile graphics – more complex techniques such as audio-description, method of associations, participating in role-playing, all with the aim of a holistic experience of the work of art, must be sought instead.Svrha članka je istražiti na koji se način vizualne umjetnosti mogu približiti slijepim osobama u postmodernom društvu, u kojem se vid smatra najvećim od osjetila i u kojem se većina informacija temelji na slikama. Osnovne metode predstavljanja umjetničkog djela uključuju preostala osjetila, uglavnom ona sluha i dodira. Nije naravno dostatno pružiti samo činjenični opis slike ili je transformirati u taktilnu grafiku – umjesto toga mora se tražiti složenije tehnike, kao što su audio-opis, metoda asocijacija, sudjelovanje u igranju uloga, a sve radi holističkog iskustva umjetničkog djela

Djelovanje starosti kunića na in vitro fermentaciju škroba, smjese krmiva i njegove vlaknine

In vitro gas production movement for three different substrates, starch, standard compound feed (20 % crude protein, 33 % NDF/kg DM) and neutral detergent fibre prepared from the standard compound feed (NDF), were determined using the caecum content of weaned rabbits (36 days of age) and of rabbits of slaughter age (78 days) as inoculum. Gas produced was fitted with the Gompertz model and the differences between parameters were calculated. The differences in fermentation kinetic parameters between older and weaned rabbits were significant within each substrate. In rabbits at slaughter weight the fermentation was more intensive, more rapid and, with the exception of compound feed, the production of gas was higher than in weaned rabbit. In first 10 hours of fermentation that correspond to the normal retention time in the caecum (Gidenne et al., 2000), the highest amount of gas was produced from compound feed. Only in this substrate the time of maximum fermentation rate was short enough (TMFR: 36 days 9.5, 78 days 6.6 hours, P<0.05) that it could be fermented in vivo. In accordance with published results it could be suggested that the majority of gas derived from pectins, which are important ingredients of compound feeds.Određena je in vitro kinetika proizvodnje plina za tri različita supstrata, škroba, standardne smjese krmiva (20% sirovih bjelančevina, 33% NDF/kg DM) i neutralnog deterdžentne vlaknine pri¬premljene iz standardne smjese krmiva (NDF) upotrebom sadržaja caecuma odbijenih kunića starih 36 dana i kunića u dobi za klanje (78 dana) kao inoculum. Proizveden plin spojen je s Gompertz kalupom/modelom pa su izračunate razlike između parametara. Razlike u kinetičkim parametrima fermentacije između starijih i odbijenih kunića bile su značajne unutar svakog supstrata. U kunića klaoničke težine fermenta¬cija je bila intenzivnija, brža i uz iznimku smjese krmiva, proiz¬vodnja plina bila je veća nego u odbijenih kunića. U prvih 10 sati fermentacije, što odgovara normalnom vremenu retencije u caecumu (Gidenne et al, 2000) najveća količina plina proizvedena je od smjese krmiva. Samo u ovom supstratu vrijeme maksimalne stope fermentacije bilo je dovoljno kratko (TMFR: 36 dana 9.5, 78 dana 6.6 sati, P<0.05/ da se moglo fermentirati in vivo. U skladu s objavljenim rezultatima može se pretpostaviti da većina plina potječe od pektina, važnih sastojaka smjese krmiva

Nastava iz prirodoslovnog područja za slijepu djecu i djecu s oštećenjima vida

Nowadays, science education is based predominantly on the principle of constructivism, according to which children should be active participants in the learning process and construct their knowledge based on experience. For blind or visually impaired children, science education methods and educational tools must be adapted according to their perceptual needs, in order for these children to be active participants in the learning process. The aim of the current paper is to describe the latest view on active and inquiry-based learning in science education for blind or visually impaired children while simultaneously minimizing misconceptions. Further, the paper compiles the recent research that enables prosperous and high-quality adaptive educational approaches and tools. Thus, the content of this paper will be useful for both science teachers and researchers of inclusive classrooms.Nastava iz prirodoslovnog područja danas se najčešće temelji na principima konstruktivizma prema kojima djeca trebaju biti aktivni sudionici procesa učenja i izgrađivati svoje znanje na temelju iskustva. Metode i sredstva korištena u nastavi prirodoslovnog područja moraju biti prilagođeni perceptivnim potrebama slijepe djece i djece s oštećenjima vida kako bi im se omogućilo aktivno sudjelovanje u procesu učenja. Cilj ovoga rada je opisati posljednje spoznaje o aktivnom i istraživačkom učenju slijepe djece i djece s oštećenjima vida u nastavi prirodoslovnog područja te otkloniti postojeće zablude. Nadalje, rad predstavlja recentna istraživanja koja ukazuju na prilagođene uspješne i visokokvalitetne odgojno-obrazovne pristupe i metode. S obzirom na navedeno, sadržaj rada bit će od koristi nastavnicima iz prirodoslovnog područja, kao i istraživačima inkluzivnih učionica

Growth and Mortality of Suckling Rabbit

Rabbits are usually smaller and mortality is higher in large litters. The aim of the study was to estimate effects on mortality and growth in rabbits. The study was carried out in Slovenian SIKA sire line. In total, 430 kits of 60 does were included. In the analyses the effects of parity, number of liveborn kits and number of teats were analysed. Initial weight was included in the model for mortality, while age was included in the model for growth. Parity, litter size and teat number affected all traits, except on mortality. Body weight varied according to age. A total of 430 kits were observed, corresponding to an average litter size of 7.8 kits born, 7.3 kits born alive and 6.2 kits weaned. The birth to weaning mortality was 15.35% and mortality has steadily declined with age. Average weight up to age of three days was 75 g and at weaning 1035 g. Kits in smaller litters had a higher growth rate