339 research outputs found
Protection against mucosal infections by secretory IgA
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26586/1/0000127.pd
Practical Layout-Aware Analog/Mixed-Signal Design Automation with Bayesian Neural Networks
The high simulation cost has been a bottleneck of practical
analog/mixed-signal design automation. Many learning-based algorithms require
thousands of simulated data points, which is impractical for expensive to
simulate circuits. We propose a learning-based algorithm that can be trained
using a small amount of data and, therefore, scalable to tasks with expensive
simulations. Our efficient algorithm solves the post-layout performance
optimization problem where simulations are known to be expensive. Our
comprehensive study also solves the schematic-level sizing problem. For
efficient optimization, we utilize Bayesian Neural Networks as a regression
model to approximate circuit performance. For layout-aware optimization, we
handle the problem as a multi-fidelity optimization problem and improve
efficiency by exploiting the correlations from cheaper evaluations. We present
three test cases to demonstrate the efficiency of our algorithms. Our tests
prove that the proposed approach is more efficient than conventional baselines
and state-of-the-art algorithms.Comment: Accepted to the 42nd International Conference on Computer-Aided
Design (ICCAD 2023); 8 pages, 8 figure
Stimulation of gastrointestinal antibody to Shiga toxin by orogastric immunization in mice
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141579/1/imcb69.pd
LOCAL IgA-MEMORY RESPONSE TO BACTERIAL ANTIGENS *
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72248/1/j.1749-6632.1983.tb26912.x.pd
Novel Adaptive Photosynthetic Characteristics of Mesophotic Symbiotic Microalgae within the Reef-Building Coral, Stylophora pistillata
Photosynthetic coral reef structures extend from the shallow sundrenched waters to the dimly lit, “twilight” mesophotic depths. For their resident endosymbiotic dinoflagellates, primarily from the genus Symbiodinium spp., this represents a photic environment that varies ~15-fold in intensity and also differs in spectral composition. We examined photosynthesis in the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata in shallow (3 m) and mesophotic settings (65 m) in the northern Red Sea. Symbiodinium spp. in corals originating from the mesophotic environment consistently performed below their photosynthetic compensation point and also exhibited distinct light harvesting antenna organization. In addition, the non-photochemical quenching activity of Symbiodinium spp. from mesophotic corals was shown to be considerably lower than those found in shallow corals, showing they have fewer defenses to high-light settings. Over a period of almost 4 years, we extensively utilized closed circuit Trimix rebreather diving to perform the study. Phylogenetic analysis showed that shallow corals (3 m) transplanted to a deep reef environment (65 m) maintained their initial Symbiodinium spp. community (clade A), rather than taking on deep low-light clades (clade C), demonstrating that shallow S. pistillata acclimate to low-light mesophotic environments while maintaining their shallow photosynthetic traits. Mesophotic corals exhibited static depth-related chlorophyll content per cell, a decrease in PSI activity and enhanced sigmoidal fluorescence rise kinetics. The sigmoidal fluorescence rise kinetics we observed in mesophotic corals is an indication of energy transfer between photosynthetic units. We postulate that at mesophotic depths, a community of adapted Symbiodinium spp. utilize a unique adaptation to lower light conditions by shifting their light harvesting to a PSII based system, where PSII is structured near PSI, with additional PCP soluble antenna also trapping light that is funneled to the PSI reaction center. In this study, we provide evidence that mesophotic Symbiodinium spp. have developed novel adaptive low-light characteristics consisting of a cooperative system for excitation energy transfer between photosynthetic units that maximizes light utilization
Mucosal Tolerance to Aflatoxin B 1 a
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73623/1/j.1749-6632.1996.tb21162.x.pd
Mucosal unresponsiveness to aflatoxin B1 is not broken by cholera toxin
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142024/1/imcb19978.pd
TAG: Learning Circuit Spatial Embedding From Layouts
Analog and mixed-signal (AMS) circuit designs still rely on human design
expertise. Machine learning has been assisting circuit design automation by
replacing human experience with artificial intelligence. This paper presents
TAG, a new paradigm of learning the circuit representation from layouts
leveraging text, self-attention and graph. The embedding network model learns
spatial information without manual labeling. We introduce text embedding and a
self-attention mechanism to AMS circuit learning. Experimental results
demonstrate the ability to predict layout distances between instances with
industrial FinFET technology benchmarks. The effectiveness of the circuit
representation is verified by showing the transferability to three other
learning tasks with limited data in the case studies: layout matching
prediction, wirelength estimation, and net parasitic capacitance prediction.Comment: Accepted by ICCAD 202
Immunohistological characterization of intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes in control ileum and colon and in inflammatory bowel disease
Using monoclonal antibodies to T and B lymphocytes, to natural killer cells, and to HLA-DR antigen, we characterized the lymphocyte population within the epithelial and lamina propria regions in control intestine and colon, and in grossly involved and in grossly uninvolved intestine and colon of patients with active inflammatory bowel disease. There were significantly more intraepithelial T cells in control ileum than in control colon. In comparison to control, there was a heterogeneity of alterations in intraepithelial and lamina propria T lymphocyte subsets (T11 + , T8 + , T4 + ) in inflammatory bowel disease. B lymphocytes were not detected within the lamina propria, except when found in and adjacent to lymphoid aggregates. Leu 7 + cells were uncommon in the lamina propria of control ileum and colon and in diseased tissues. The majority of intraepithelial lymphocytes did not express HLA-DR. Epithelial cells of control colon did not express HLA-DR while epithelial cells of control ileal tissues and of diseased colonic and ileal specimens expressed HLA-DR antigen. Only small numbers of lamina propria T cells expressed HLA-DR in both control and disease tissues. There was intense expression of HLA-DR by monocytes and modest expression of HLA-DR by capillary and lymphatic endothelial cells. The induction of HLA-DR expression by diseased colonic epithelium and the observation that lymphatic endothelium expresses HLA-DR are new observations, and we established that Leu 7 + cells are present in very small numbers in both normal and diseased intestine and colon.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44401/1/10620_2005_Article_BF01318690.pd
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