Einfluß der Preisentwicklung von Einzelfuttermitteln in den Jahren 2005, 2007 und 2008 auf den Preis von 100% Bio- Legehennen-Alleinfutter

Four layer-mash rations based on 100% agricultural feedstuffs of organic origin and with different levels of energy content were tested at the University of Kassel some years ago. Now it is to investigate the influence of different parts of the feedstuffs in the composition of the rations on the cost of the 100% layer-mash in three years with different costs for the feedstuffs. It is obvious to see, that the price of protein sources like soy-products or some oil cakes (sesame) and the grain legumes ascended about 100% from 2005 to 2008. Layer mash with the highest energy level is in all years the most expensive variant. The facts due to concern, that regarding to actual price trends of organic protein sources, it is favourable to reduce energy content of layer mash, leaving static tradition and act sparingly with organic feedstuff resources

Einfluß der Futterversorgungsbasis auf den Preis von 100% Bio- Legehennen-Alleinfutter in Abhängigkeit von der Preisentwicklung von Einzelfuttermitteln in den Jahren 2005, 2007 und 2008

Four layer-mash rations based on 100% agricultural feedstuffs of organic origin and with different levels of energy content were tested at the University of Kassel some years ago. The rations had different parts of inland feedstuffs (grain, grain legumes, grass meal) and components from foreign countries (soybean, sesame cake). High energy compositions had a larger part (ca.28%) of foreign feedstuffs. The part of foreign components could be reduced about 10% by decreasing energy content. Ascending costs for the feedstuffs resulted in greater increase of costs for those mixtures with greater amounts of foreign feedstuffs. It would be necessary to search for more solutions in order to strengthen inland feedstuff production and regional organic energy consume

N,N-dimethyltryptamine and Amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine

Objective Reports have indicated possible uses of ayahuasca for the treatment of conditions including depression, addictions, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and specific psychoneuroendocrine immune system pathologies. The article assesses potential ayahuasca and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) integration with contemporary healthcare. The review also seeks to provide a summary of selected literature regarding the mechanisms of action of DMT and ayahuasca; and assess to what extent the state of research can explain reports of unusual phenomenology. Design A narrative review. Results Compounds in ayahuasca have been found to bind to serotonergic receptors, glutaminergic receptors, sigma-1 receptors, trace amine-associated receptors, and modulate BDNF expression and the dopaminergic system. Subjective effects are associated with increased delta and theta oscillations in amygdala and hippocampal regions, decreased alpha wave activity in the default mode network, and stimulations of vision-related brain regions particularly in the visual association cortex. Both biological processes and field of consciousness models have been proposed to explain subjective effects of DMT and ayahuasca, however, the evidence supporting the proposed models is not sufficient to make confident conclusions. Ayahuasca plant medicine and DMT represent potentially novel treatment modalities. Conclusions Further research is required to clarify the mechanisms of action and develop treatments which can be made available to the general public. Integration between healthcare research institutions and reputable practitioners in the Amazon is recommended

Accumulation of mutations in antibody and CD8 T cell epitopes in a B cell depleted lymphoma patient with chronic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Antibodies against the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can drive adaptive evolution in immunocompromised patients with chronic infection. Here we longitudinally analyze SARS-CoV-2 sequences in a B cell-depleted, lymphoma patient with chronic, ultimately fatal infection, and identify three mutations in the spike protein that dampen convalescent plasma-mediated neutralization of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, four mutations emerge in non-spike regions encoding three CD8 T cell epitopes, including one nucleoprotein epitope affected by two mutations. Recognition of each mutant peptide by CD8 T cells from convalescent donors is reduced compared to its ancestral peptide, with additive effects resulting from double mutations. Querying public SARS-CoV-2 sequences shows that these mutations have independently emerged as homoplasies in circulating lineages. Our data thus suggest that potential impacts of CD8 T cells on SARS-CoV-2 mutations, at least in those with humoral immunodeficiency, warrant further investigation to inform on vaccine design

A new perspective on the functioning of the brain and the mechanisms behind conscious processes

An essential prerequisite for the development of a theory of consciousness is the clarification of the fundamental mechanisms underlying conscious processes. In this article I present an approach that sheds new light on these mechanisms. This approach builds on stochastic electrodynamics (SED), a promising theoretical framework that provides a deeper understanding of quantum systems and reveals the origin of quantum phenomena. I outline the most important concepts and findings of SED and interpret the neurophysiological body of evidence in the context of these findings, indicating that the functioning of the brain rests upon exactly the same principles that are characteristic for quantum systems. On this basis, I construct a new hypothesis on the mechanisms behind conscious processes and discuss the new perspectives this hypothesis opens up for consciousness research. In particular, it offers the possibility of elucidating the relationship between brain and consciousness, of specifying the connection between consciousness and information, and of answering the question of what distinguishes conscious processes from unconscious processes