2 research outputs found
Different Quenching Effect of Intramolecular Rotation on the Singlet and Triplet Excited States of Bodipy
It
is well-known that the fluorescence of a chromophore can be efficiently
quenched by the free rotor effect, sometimes called intramolecular
rotation (IMR), i.e. by a large-amplitude torsional motion. Using
this effect, aggregation induced enhanced emission (AIE) and fluorescent
molecular probes for viscosity measurements have been devised. However,
the rotor effect on triplet excited states was rarely studied. Herein,
with molecular rotors of Bodipy and diiodoBodipy, and by using steady
state and time-resolved transient absorption/emission spectroscopies,
we confirmed that the triplet excited state of the Bodipy chromophore
is not quenched by IMR. This is in stark contrast to the fluorescence
(singlet excited state), which is significantly quenched by IMR. This
result is rather interesting since a long-lived excited state (triplet,
276 μs) is not quenched by the IMR, but the short-lived excited
state (singlet, 3.8 ns) is quenched by the same IMR. The unquenched
triplet excited state of the Bodipy was used for triplet–triplet
annihilation upconversion, and the upconversion quantum yield is 6.3%
Triplet Excited State of BODIPY Accessed by Charge Recombination and Its Application in Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion
The
triplet excited state properties of two BODIPY phenothiazine
dyads (<b>BDP-1</b> and <b>BDP-2</b>) with different lengths
of linker and orientations of the components were studied. The triplet
state formation of BODIPY chromophore was achieved via photoinduced
electron transfer (PET) and charge recombination (CR). <b>BDP-1</b> has a longer linker between the phenothiazine and the BODIPY chromophore
than <b>BDP-2</b>. Moreover, the two chromophores in <b>BDP-2</b> assume a more orthogonal geometry both at the ground and in the
first excited state (87°) than that of <b>BDP-1</b> (34–40°).
The fluorescence of the BODIPY moiety was significantly quenched in
the dyads. The charge separation (CS) and CR dynamics of the dyads
were studied with femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (<i>k</i><sub>CS</sub> = 2.2 × 10<sup>11</sup> s<sup>–1</sup> and 2 × 10<sup>12</sup> s<sup>–1</sup> for <b>BDP-1</b> and <b>BDP-2</b>, respectively; <i>k</i><sub>CR</sub> = 4.5 × 10<sup>10</sup> and 1.5 × 10<sup>11</sup> s<sup>–1</sup> for <b>BDP-1</b> and <b>BDP-2</b>, respectively;
in acetonitrile). Formation of the triplet excited state of the BODIPY
moiety was observed for both dyads upon photoexcitation, and the triplet
state quantum yield depends on both the linker length and the orientation
of the chromophores. Triplet state quantum yields are 13.4 and 97.5%
and lifetimes are 13 and 116 μs for <b>BDP-1</b> and <b>BDP-2</b>, respectively. The spin–orbit charge transfer
(SO-CT) mechanism is proposed to be responsible for the efficient
triplet state formation. The dyads were used for triplet–triplet
annihilation (TTA) upconversion, showing an upconversion quantum yield
up to 3.2%