Y3Fe5O12 film with multi-domain epitaxy on single-crystalline LiNbO3 substrate

Y3Fe5O12 is one of the magnetic insulators that can realize high-speed and low-power-consuming spintronics devices. However, it is hard to prepare a high-quality Y3Fe5O12 film via a conventional sputtering process owing to its low crystalline texture, which leads to a crucial increase in the Gilbert damping constant. Moreover, a single crystalline Gd3Ga5O12 substrate, whose lattice constant is well matched with Y3Fe5O12, is indispensable to improve the crystallinity of the Y3Fe5O12 film. In this article, we demonstrated an epitaxial growth of multiple domains for a 30-nm-thick Y3Fe5O12 film by means of magnetron sputtering on a single crystalline 128° Y–X LiNbO3 substrate , which has been widely utilized in surface acoustic wave devices. From the pole figure of x-ray diffraction, an oblique epitaxial growth of Y3Fe5O12(400) is successfully observed on the 128° Y–X LiNbO3 substrate after a high-temperature post-annealing. The saturation magnetization is equivalent to the value of the epitaxial Y3Fe5O12 film on the Gd3Ga5O12 substrate. The relatively low effective Gilbert damping constant of 0.0039 also supports the high crystalline texture of the Y3Fe5O12 film. The developed growth technique will pave the way for the application of the Y3Fe5O12 film on magneto-acoustic devices

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Experimental evaluation of an on-demand multipath routing protocol for video transmission in mobile ad hoc network

A practical approach to pancreatic cancer immunotherapy using resected tumor lysate vaccines processed to express α-gal epitopes

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>Single-agent immunotherapy is ineffective against poorly immunogenic cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aims of this study were to demonstrate the feasibility of production of novel autologous tumor lysate vaccines from resected PDAC tumors, and verify vaccine safety and efficacy.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Fresh surgically resected tumors obtained from human patients were processed to enzymatically synthesize α-gal epitopes on the carbohydrate chains of membrane glycoproteins. Processed membranes were analyzed for the expression of α-gal epitopes and the binding of anti-Gal, and vaccine efficacy was assessed <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p>Results</p><p>Effective synthesis of α-gal epitopes was demonstrated after processing of PDAC tumor lysates from 10 different patients, and tumor lysates readily bound an anti-Gal monoclonal antibody. α-gal(+) PDAC tumor lysate vaccines elicited strong antibody production against multiple tumor-associated antigens and activated multiple tumor-specific T cells. The lysate vaccines stimulated a robust immune response in animal models, resulting in tumor suppression and a significant improvement in survival without any adverse events.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Our data suggest that α-gal(+) PDAC tumor lysate vaccination may be a practical and effective new immunotherapeutic approach for treating pancreatic cancer.</p></div

B cell and T cell expansion in response to tumor lysate vaccination.

<p>ELISPOT assays for (a) anti-MUC1 Ab secreting B cells and (b) MUC1-specific activated T cells and <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> depletion of CD8⁺ T cells, detected as IFN-γ secreting lymphocytes. ELISPOT assays for (c) anti-mesothelin Ab secreting B cells and (d) mesothelin-specific activated T cells and <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> depletion of CD8⁺ T cells, detected as IFN-γ secreting lymphocytes. Data represent the mean ± SD of five independent splenocyte preparations; bars, SD. Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s <i>t</i>-test. N.S.: not significant.</p

Immunohistological findings of original PDAC tumors obtained from patients treated with or without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

<p>H&E stained sections of PDAC tumors clearly demonstrate viable PDAC cells in the tumor treated without NACRT. However, grade IIa destruction of PDAC cells (Evans classification) was detected in the tumor treated with NACRT. Expression of MUC1 and mesothelin was observed in PDAC tumors treated with or without NACRT. The expression levels of these TAAs were similar between PDAC tumors treated with or without NACRT. Representative images of four individual patients are shown. Scale bars = 100 μm.</p

ELISA analysis of anti-PDAC cell IgG production induced by tumor lysate vaccination.

<p>(a) Anti-PANC-1 IgG production, (b) anti-MIAPaCa-2 IgG production, (c) anti-BxPC-3 IgG production. Vaccination with α-gal(+) PDAC-ly resulted in marked increase in the production of anti-PDAC cell IgG compared with α-gal(-) PDAC-ly vaccination. Vaccinations with either α-gal(-) or α-gal(+) N-ly did not elicit a significant anti-PDAC cell IgG response. Representative data from ten experiments with similar results are shown. ELISA results represent one or three data sets from n = 10 mice/group (one data set: naïve KO mice, α-gal(-) or α-gal(+) N-ly; three data sets: α-gal(-) or α-gal(+) PDAC-ly).</p

Biosynthesis of α-gal epitopes on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor lysates and normal pancreatic tissue lysates assessed by Western blot analysis.

<p>Pig kidney membrane was employed as the positive control for α-gal epitope expression. High expression of α-gal epitopes was observed in both processed normal tissue and PDAC tumor lysates. No expression of α-gal epitopes was detected in both unprocessed normal tissue and PDAC tumor lysates.</p

Anti-MUC1 IgG and anti-mesothelin IgG production induced by tumor lysate vaccination.

<p>(a) ELISA for anti-MUC1 IgG production. (b) ELISA for anti-mesothelin IgG production. Representative data from ten experiments with similar results are shown. ELISA results represent one or three data sets from n = 10 mice/group (one data set: naïve KO mice, α-gal(-) or α-gal(+) N-ly; three data sets: α-gal(-) or α-gal(+) PDAC-ly).</p