13 research outputs found
MHD Simulation of The Inner Galaxy with Radiative Cooling and Heating
We investigate the role of magnetic field on the gas dynamics in the Galactic
bulge region by three dimensional simulations with radiative cooling and
heating. While high-temperature corona with is formed in the
halo regions, the temperature near the Galactic plane is following the thermal equilibrium curve determined by the radiative cooling
and heating. Although the thermal energy of the interstellar gas is lost by
radiative cooling, the saturation level of the magnetic field strength does not
significantly depend on the radiative cooling and heating. The magnetic field
strength is amplified to on average, and reaches several
hundred locally. We find the formation of magnetically dominated
regions at mid-latitudes in the case with the radiative cooling and heating,
which is not seen in the case without radiative effect. The vertical thickness
of the mid-latitude regions is at the radial location of
from the Galactic center, which is comparable to the
observed vertical distribution of neutral atomic gas. When we take the average
of different components of energy density integrated over the Galactic bulge
region, the magnetic energy is comparable to the thermal energy. We conclude
that the magnetic field plays a substantial role in controlling the dynamical
and thermal properties of the Galactic bulge region.Comment: Submitted to ApJ; 21 pages, 18 figures 3 tables. Comment are welcom
Postazacitidine clone size predicts long-term outcome of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and related myeloid neoplasms
Azacitidine is a mainstay of therapy for MDS-related diseases. The purpose of our study is to elucidate the effect of gene mutations on hematological response and overall survival (OS), particularly focusing on their post-treatment clone size. We enrolled a total of 449 patients with MDS or related myeloid neoplasms. They were analyzed for gene mutations in pre- (n=449) and post- (n=289) treatment bone marrow samples using targeted-capture sequencing to assess the impact of gene mutations and their post-treatment clone size on treatment outcomes. In Cox proportional hazard modeling, multi-hit TP53 mutation (HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.42-2.91; P<.001), EZH2 mutation (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.14-2.54; P=.009), and DDX41 mutations (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.17-0.62; P<.001), together with age, high-risk karyotypes, low platelet, and high blast counts, independently predicted OS. Post-treatment clone size accounting for all drivers significantly correlated with International Working Group (IWG)-response (P<.001, trend test), except for that of DDX41-mutated clones, which did not predict IWG-response. Combined, IWG-response and post-treatment clone size further improved the prediction of the original model and even that of a recently proposed molecular prediction model, IPSS-M (c-index, 0.653 vs 0.688; P<.001, likelihood ratio test). In conclusion, evaluation of post-treatment clone size, together with pre-treatment mutational profile as well as IWG-response have a role in better prognostication of azacitidine-treated myelodysplasia patients