Properties of Excited Charm and Charm-Strange Mesons

We calculate the properties of excited charm and charm-strange mesons. We use the relativized quark model to calculate their masses and wavefunctions that are used to calculate radiative transition partial widths and the $^3P_0$ quark-pair-creation model to calculate their strong decay widths. We use these results to make quark model spectroscopic assignments for recently observed charm and charm-strange mesons. In particular we find that the properties of the $D_J(2550)^0$ and $D_J^*(2600)^0$ are consistent with those of the $2^1S_0(c\bar{u})$ and the $2^3S_1(c\bar{u})$ states respectively, the $D_1^*(2760)^0$, $D_3^*(2760)^-$, and $D_J(2750)^0$ with those of the $1^3D_1(c\bar{u})$, $1^3D_3(d\bar{c})$, and $1D_2(c\bar{u})$ states respectively. We tentatively identify the $D^*_J(3000)^0$ as the $1^3F_4(c\bar{u})$ and favour the $D_J(3000)^0$ to be the $3^1S_0(c\bar{u})$ although we do not rule out the $1F_3$ and $1F_3'$ assignment. For the recently observed charm-strange mesons we identify the $D_{s1}^*(2709)^\pm$, $D_{s1}^*(2860)^-$, and $D_{s3}^*(2860)^-$ as the $2^3S_1(c\bar{s})$, $1^3D_1(s\bar{c})$, and $1^3D_3(s\bar{c})$ states respectively and suggest that the $D_{sJ}(3044)^\pm$ is most likely the $D_{s1}(2P_1')$ or $D_{s1}(2P_1)$ states although it might be the $D_{s2}^*(2^3P_2)$ with the $DK$ final state too small to be observed with current statistics. Based on the predicted properties of excited states, that they not have too large a total width and they have a reasonable branching ratio to simple final states, we suggest states that should be able to be found in the near future. We expect that the tables of properties summarizing our results will be useful for interpreting future observations of charm and charm-strange mesons.Comment: 36 pages, 2 figures, 47 tables, more detailed results included as supplementary file. Version 2 has minor word changes and adds a few references. Version 3 expands discussion of strong decay model and corrects some typo

Bottomonium Mesons and Strategies for Their Observation

The $B$-factories and Large Hadron Collider experiments have demonstrated the ability to observe and measure the properties of bottomonium mesons. In order to discover missing states it is useful to know their properties to develop a successful search strategy. To this end we calculate the masses and decay properties of excited bottomonium states. We use the relativized quark model to calculate the masses and wavefunctions and the $^3P_0$ quark-pair creation model to calculate decay widths to open bottom. We also summarize results for radiative transitions, annihilation decays, hadronic transitions and production cross sections which are used to develop strategies to find these states. We find that the $b\bar{b}$ system has a rich spectroscopy that we expect to be substantially extended by the LHC and $e^+e^-$ experiments in the near future. Some of the most promising possibilities at the LHC are observing the $\chi_{b(1,2)}(3P)$, $\chi_{b(1,2)}(4P)$ and $\eta_b(3S)$ states in $\gamma \mu^+\mu^-$ final states that proceed via radiative transitions through $\Upsilon(nS)$ intermediate states and $1^3D_J$ and $2^3D_J$ into $\gamma\gamma \mu^+\mu^-$ final states proceeding via $1^3P_J\to 1^3S_1$ and $2^3P_J\to 2^3S_1$ intermediate states respectively. Some of the most interesting possibilities in $e^+e^-$ collisions are studying the $1^3D_J$ states via $4\gamma$ cascades starting with the $\Upsilon (3S)$ and the $3^3P_J$ states in $\gamma\gamma\mu^+ \mu^-$ final states starting with the $\Upsilon (4S)$ and proceeding via $\Upsilon (nS)$ intermediate states. Completing the bottomonium spectrum is an important validation of lattice QCD calculations and a test of our understanding of bottomonium states in the context of the quark model.Comment: 38 pages, 1 figure, 36 tables, Changes: A few minor word changes. Corrected phase error in equation A12 which effected strong decays to 1P_1 and 1P_1' final states. All instances have been corrected with no effect on our conclusion

Maori-medium education: current issues and challenges.

This paper summarises the key issues and challenges that have emerged from a recent major report by the authors on Maori-medium education in Aotearoa/New Zealand. The discussion is situated within a wider international analysis of bilingual/immersion programmes, including heritage language programmes for indigenous peoples. Key issues explored in the paper include the negotiation of, and occasional tension between, the wider goals of indigenous Maori language revitalisation and the successful achievement of bilingualism and biliteracy in Maori-medium educational contexts. Issues to do with current pedagogy, staffing and resourcing of Maori-medium programmes are also examined. The paper concludes with suggestions for the ongoing development and extension of Maori-medium education

ACCOUNTING FOR CANADA¡¯S ECONOMIC GROWTH

A dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model is constructed and calibrated to the Canadian economy. Technology disturbances from the Canadian economy are filtered through the model and used to generate artificial time series. Output growth in the model is then decomposed into the share weighted growth rates of the factor inputs and productivity. The model is then used to identify the endogenous responses of the factor inputs to the technology disturbances. The results suggest that much of the slowdown observed in Canadian output growth since 1974 can be explained by fluctuations in the rates of investment-specific and residual-neutral technological change.Investment-Specific Technological Change, Total Factor Productivity, Economic Growth

Dynamics and Diversity: Ethnic Employment Differences in England and Wales, 1991 - 2001

This paper focuses on two main issues, firstly the extent to which the employment position of the main ethnic minority groups in England and Wales changed between 1991 and 2001 and secondly, a detailed examination of employment amongst ethnic groups in 2001. In relative terms, the employment position of most ethnic minority groups improved over the period, especially for males. Some of this improvement was due to enhanced levels of observable characteristics. However, the employment gap between Whites and some ethnic minority groups remains extremely large. Religion, local deprivation and educational qualifications are found to be important influences for many minority groups.employment, ethnic minorities, discrimination.

Relationship between voids and interlaminar shear strength of polymer matrix composites

The effect of voids on the interlaminar shear strength of a polyimide matrix composite system is described. The AS4 graphite/PMR-15 composite was chosen for study because this system can be readily processed by using the standard specified cure cycle to produce void-free composites and because preliminary work in this study had shown that the processing parameters of this resin matrix system can be altered to produce cured composites of varying void contents. Thirty-eight 12-ply unidirectional composite panels were fabricated for this study. A significant range of void contents (0 to 10 percent) was produced. The panels were mapped, ultrasonically inspected, and sectioned into interlaminar shear, flexure, and fiber content specimens. The density of each specimen was measured and interlaminar shear and flexure strength measurements were then made. The fiber content was measured last. The results of these tests were evaluated by using ultrasonic results, photomicrographs, statistical methods, theoretical relationships derived by other investigators, and comparison of the test data with the Integrated Composite Analyzer (ICAN) computer program developed at the Lewis Research Center for predicting composite ply properties. The testing is described in as much detail as possible in order to help others make realistic comparisons

The three-dimensional Multi-Block Advanced Grid Generation System (3DMAGGS)

As the size and complexity of three dimensional volume grids increases, there is a growing need for fast and efficient 3D volumetric elliptic grid solvers. Present day solvers are limited by computational speed and do not have all the capabilities such as interior volume grid clustering control, viscous grid clustering at the wall of a configuration, truncation error limiters, and convergence optimization residing in one code. A new volume grid generator, 3DMAGGS (Three-Dimensional Multi-Block Advanced Grid Generation System), which is based on the 3DGRAPE code, has evolved to meet these needs. This is a manual for the usage of 3DMAGGS and contains five sections, including the motivations and usage, a GRIDGEN interface, a grid quality analysis tool, a sample case for verifying correct operation of the code, and a comparison to both 3DGRAPE and GRIDGEN3D. Since it was derived from 3DGRAPE, this technical memorandum should be used in conjunction with the 3DGRAPE manual (NASA TM-102224)