GECKA3D: A 3D Game Engine for Commonsense Knowledge Acquisition

Commonsense knowledge representation and reasoning is key for tasks such as artificial intelligence and natural language understanding. Since commonsense consists of information that humans take for granted, gathering it is an extremely difficult task. In this paper, we introduce a novel 3D game engine for commonsense knowledge acquisition (GECKA3D) which aims to collect commonsense from game designers through the development of serious games. GECKA3D integrates the potential of serious games and games with a purpose. This provides a platform for the acquisition of re-usable and multi-purpose knowledge, and also enables the development of games that can provide entertainment value and teach players something meaningful about the actual world they live in

Laboratory measurements of sea ice: connections to microwave remote sensing

Journal ArticleThe connections between laboratory measurements and remote-sensing observations of sea ice are explored. The focus of this paper is on thin ice, which is more easily simulated in a laboratory environment. We summarize results of C-band scatterometer measurements and discuss how they may help in the interpretation of remote-sensing data. We compare the measurements with observations of thin ice from ERS and airborne radar data sets. We suggest that laboratory backscatter signatures should serve as bounds on the interpretation of remote-sensing data. We examine these bounds from the perspective of thin ice signatures, the effect of temperature, and surface processes, such as frost flowers and slush on these signatures. Controlled experiments also suggest new directions in remote-sensing measurements. The potential of polarimetric radar measurements in the retrieval of thickness of thin ice is discussed. In addition to the radar results, we discuss the importance of low-frequency passive measurements with respect to the thickness of thin ice

Efficacy of tofacitinib monotherapy in methotrexate-naive patients with early or established rheumatoid arthritis.

IntroductionTofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Tofacitinib monotherapy was previously shown to inhibit structural damage, reduce clinical signs and symptoms of RA, and improve physical functioning over 24 months in methotrexate (MTX)-naive adult patients with RA. In this post hoc analysis, we compared efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in patients with early (disease duration <1 year) versus established (≥1 year) RA.MethodsMTX-naive patients ≥18 years with active RA received tofacitinib monotherapy (5 or 10 mg two times a day, or MTX monotherapy, in a 24-month Phase 3 trial.ResultsOf 956 patients (tofacitinib 5 mg two times a day, n=373; tofacitinib 10 mg two times a day, n=397; MTX, n=186), 54% had early RA. Baseline disease activity and functional disability were similar in both groups; radiographic damage was greater in patients with established RA. At month 24, clinical response rates were significantly greater in patients with early versus established RA in the tofacitinib 5 mg two times a day group. Both tofacitinib doses had greater effects on clinical, functional and radiographic improvements at 1 and 2 years compared with MTX, independent of disease duration. No new safety signals were observed.ConclusionsTreatment response was generally similar in early and established RA; significantly greater improvements were observed at month 24 with tofacitinib 5 mg two times a day in early versus established RA. Tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg two times a day demonstrated greater efficacy versus MTX irrespective of disease duration. No difference in safety profiles was observed between patients with early or established RA.Trial registration numberNCT01039688; Results

Questionnaire survey on point‐of‐care ultrasound utilization during cardiac arrest among emergency physicians in Hong Kong

Introduction: Although point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) is recognized as a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool during the management of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), opposing viewpoints exist. The objectives of this study are to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) in POCUS utilization during OHCA among emergency medicine (EM) physicians in Hong Kong and to identify their barriers. Methods: A cross‐sectional questionnaire was conducted among EM physicians in 9 accident and emergency departments in Hong Kong. The questionnaire assessed participants' demographics, knowledge, attitude, practices, and barriers on this issue. Composite scores for KAP were calculated. Subgroup analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to explore the correlation between KAP and participants' demographics. Participants' barriers were evaluated by binary and open‐ended questions. Results: A total of 224 questionnaires were distributed and 150 questionnaires were returned (response rate: 67.0%). Statistically significant associations of knowledge and attitude with practice were demonstrated (both p < 0.001). Independent predictors of more frequent POCUS use in OHCA included EM fellowship status (p = 0.005), receiving training on this issue (p < 0.001), and working in large hospitals (p = 0.007). The top‐ranked barriers were chaotic environment (74%), no structural education on this practice (63%), and the lack of staff (61%). Conclusions: The knowledge and attitude of performing POCUS during OHCA were demonstrated to enhance EM physicians' practice. By improving physicians' knowledge and removing the possible barriers they are facing, POCUS can be optimally utilized during OHCA to improve patient care

Growth processes of snow

Thesis (Sc.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, 1983.Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science.Vita.Bibliography: leaves 189-192.by Kwok-Wai Kenneth Lo.Sc.D

GECKA3D: A 3D Game Engine for Commonsense Knowledge Acquisition

Commonsense knowledge representation and reasoning is key for tasks such as artificial intelligence and natural language understanding. Since commonsense consists of information that humans take for granted, gathering it is an extremely difficult task. In this paper, we introduce a novel 3D game engine for commonsense knowledge acquisition (GECKA3D) which aims to collect commonsense from game designers through the development of serious games. GECKA3D integrates the potential of serious games and games with a purpose. This provides a platform for the acquisition of reusable and multi-purpose knowledge and also enables the development of games that can provide entertainment value and teach players something meaningful about the actual world they live in

Fine-grained event-based access control

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; and, Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 46).by Kenneth K. Pang.B.S.M.Eng