Feedforward, -backward and neutral transparency measures for British English

Orthographic transparency metrics for opaque or deep languages such as French and English have tended to focus on feedforward and/or feedback directions, with claims made for the influence of both on reading. In the present study, data for five transparency metrics for Southern British English, three of which are neither feedforward nor feedback, are presented demonstrating the complex relationships between metrics, and offering an explanation for feedback effects in children's reading accuracy. The structure of such metrics from a variety of corpus sizes and origins is investigated, concluding that large corpus sizes do not make a substantial contribution to the value of such metrics when compared with smaller samples, and that adult and child corpuses have very similar profiles

The Warren Court and Criminal Procedure

On October 5, 1953, Earl Warren became Chief Justice of the United States. During the fifteen years of his tenure as Chief Justice, fundamental changes in criminal procedure have resulted· from decisions of what is popularly called the Warren Court. There may be a legitimate difference of opinion whether these changes constitute a criminal law revolution or merely an orderly evolution toward the application of civilized standards to the trial of persons accused of crime. Whatever the characterization, however, there can be little doubt that the developments of the past fifteen years have unalterably changed the course of .the administration of criminal justice in America