1 research outputs found
Fabrication and Characterization of a K<sup>+</sup>‑Selective Nanoelectrode and Simultaneous Imaging of Topography and Local K<sup>+</sup> Flux Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
A nanopipette containing a solution
of bis(benzo-15-crown-5) dissolved
in 1,6-dichlorohexane was used as an ion-selective electrode (ISE)
to probe K<sup>+</sup> for shear force-based constant-distance scanning
electrochemical microscopy (SECM). In a previous study, the ISE responded
only at low K<sup>+</sup> concentrations ([K<sup>+</sup>] < 1 mM),
due to the depletion of the bis(benzo-15-crown-5) at the oil/water
interface at high K<sup>+</sup> concentrations and the unstable response
of the tip at the oil/water interface for shear force and current
detection. In the present study, a nanopipette reshaped by heating
and with the hydrophobic layer removed was used as the ISE. This modified
ISE enabled a rapid response to changes in K<sup>+</sup> flux at a
physiological concentration of K<sup>+</sup> and allowed SECM imaging
on a nanometer scale. The fabricated nano-ISE was used as a probe
for shear force-based SECM. Topography and K<sup>+</sup> flux images
were obtained simultaneously at a polycarbonate membrane filter with
5 μm pores and human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293). Several
areas containing a K<sup>+</sup> flux larger than the surrounding
areas were found in the SECM images of the HEK293 cells, which indicated
the existence of K<sup>+</sup> channels