Chemical constituents of Brazilian Propolis from the state of Bahia and their growth inhibitory activities against cancer cells

<p>A novel 2-phenoxychromone (1) and five known flavones (2-6) were isolated from northeastern Brazilian propolis in the state of Bahia. The chemical structures of these six compounds were determined by spectroscopic investigations and single-crystal X-ray analysis. The isolated compounds showed growth-inhibitory activities, in varying degrees, against human tumor cell lines. This is the first report on the discovery of a novel 2-phenoxychromone from propolis.</p> <p>A novel 2-phenoxychromone (<b>1</b>) and five known flavones (<b>2–6</b>) were isolated from Brazilian propolis in the state of Bahia.</p

Investigating proficiency using a lift-type transfer support device for effective care: comparison of skilled and unskilled nursing homes

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the sustained use of the "Hug," a "hugging" type robotic transfer support device, could increase the level of quality of care. The effect of proficiency on using the device was examined in terms of time spent for transfer, ratio of transfers using the device, and range of targets. The results were compared between skilled care facilities that had used the device for >24 months and unskilled facilities. The time spent for transfer at the unskilled facility was 4.6 min (2nd week after introduction), was reduced to 3.0 min (5th week), and 1.5 min at the skilled facility. The usage ratio at the unskilled facility was 13% and 30% (2nd and 5th week, respectively), while it was 97% in the skilled facility. Further, we identified wider in the range of target care recipients in the skilled facility. It takes time to master the use of Hug; however, its use was associated with many positive aspects, especially from the perspective of care recipients, e.g., better care, use of their own legs, and reduced time for transfers. These findings suggest that the widespread use of Hug would improve the quality of care.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONLess physically burdened on the caregivers using Hug, they can afford to talk to the care recipients.Using recipient’s own legs during transfers, it prevents leg muscle disuse.As reduced time for transfers, recipients will have more opportunities to get out of bed. Less physically burdened on the caregivers using Hug, they can afford to talk to the care recipients. Using recipient’s own legs during transfers, it prevents leg muscle disuse. As reduced time for transfers, recipients will have more opportunities to get out of bed.</p

Relationship between days to heading and genotypes of <i>WPCL1</i> and <i>Vrn-1</i> loci in an F₂ population derived from ‘Geurumil’ and ‘Minaminokomugi’.

<p>(a) Comparison of days to heading between genotypes of <i>WPCL1</i> homoeoloci in the 489 F₂ plants. Days to heading indicate the number of days after April 1. Arrows show the heading date in ‘Chogokuwase’ (C), ‘Geurumil’ (G) and ‘Minaminokomugi’ (M), respectively. White boxes indicate the plants carrying homozygous <i>wpcl1</i> alleles at three homoeoloci. Black boxes show the plants carrying functional <i>WPCL-B1</i> and<i>/</i>or <i>WPCL-D1</i> alleles. (b) A subset of the segregating population having the triple recessive <i>wpcl1</i> alleles. Comparison of days to heading between genotypes of the <i>Vrn-D1</i> locus in 25 F₂ plants with three loss-of-function <i>wpcl1</i> homoeoalleles.</p

Gene expression patterns of <i>VRN-1</i> and <i>WFT</i> in ‘Chogokuwase’ and its parental cultivars.

<p>Expression levels were measured in the second (2L), third (3L) and fourth (4L) leaf stages of ‘Chogokuwase’ (blue), ‘Minaminokomugi’ (red), and ‘Geurumil’ (yellow) under V0-LD, V21-LD and V0-SD conditions. X- and Y-axis indicate days after 21 days-vernalization and relative transcript abundances, respectively. Transcript abundance was measured relative to the abundance of <i>Actin</i> gene transcripts. Bars on each observation indicate standard errors.</p

Gene expression patterns of circadian clock and clock-output genes under SD conditions in ‘Chogokuwase’ and the parental cultivars.

<p>White and black boxes indicate light and dark periods, respectively. Two-week-old seedlings were sampled every 3 hours over 24 h. Means ± standard deviations were calculated from data in three technical repeated experiments. Relative transcript abundance was calculated using the <i>Actin</i> gene as an internal control.</p

Relationship between days to heading and genotypes of the <i>WPCL1</i> and <i>Vrn-2</i> loci in the recombinant inbred lines of einkorn wheat.

<p>The days to heading in 89 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between <i>T</i>. <i>monococcum</i> mutants and <i>T</i>. <i>boeoticum</i> were compared. The parental <i>monococcum</i> accession lacks <i>WPCL1</i> and <i>Vrn-2</i>, whereas the <i>boeoticum</i> accession has <i>WPCL1</i> and <i>Vrn</i>-2. Arrows indicate days to heading of the parental <i>T</i>. <i>monococcum</i> (KT3-5) and <i>T</i>. <i>boeoticum</i> (KT1-1) accessions, respectively.</p

Heading dates of ‘Chogokuwase’ and the parental cultivars in the field.

<p>Heading dates of ‘Chogokuwase’ and the parental cultivars in the field.</p

Frequency distribution of days to heading in the 114 F₂ plants from a segregating population growing under SD conditions with a vernalization treatment.

<p>The F₂ population was derived from a cross between ‘Chogokuwase’ and ‘Norin 61’. White boxes indicate the plants with homozygous <i>wpcl1</i> alleles at three homoeoloci. Black boxes show the plants having one or more functional <i>WPCL1</i> homoeoalleles. Arrows indicate days to heading in ‘Chogokuwase’ and ‘Norin 61’, respectively.</p

Gene expression patterns of <i>Vrn-1</i> and <i>Vrn-2</i> (<i>ZCCT1</i> and <i>ZCTT2</i>) under SD conditions in ‘Chogokuwase’ and the parental cultivars.

<p>White and black boxes indicate light and dark periods, respectively. Two-week-old seedlings were sampled at 3h intervals over 24h. Means ± standard deviations were calculated from data in three technical repeated experiments. Relative transcript abundance was calculated using the <i>Actin</i> gene as an internal control.</p

Mutations in <i>WPCL1</i> homoeologues.

<p>(a) A 142 bp deletion was detected in <i>WPCL-B1</i> of ‘Chogokuwase’ and ‘Geurumil’. The start codon is shown in bold letters in the nucleotide sequence alignment. (b) Comparison of the amino acid sequence of the Myb domain between functional (gene names shown in uppercase letters) and loss-of-function (gene names shown in lowercase letters) <i>WPCL1</i> homoeologues. The gray box indicates the SHAQKYF motif.</p