34 research outputs found

    Plasma Levels of Glutamate and Glutamine in Control Subjects and Individuals with HFA.

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    <p>Fig. 1-a: Glutamate Levels; Fig. 1-b: Glutamine Levels. Plasma levels of glutamate and glutamine were determined using HPLC. Control subjects, N = 22; individuals with HFA, N = 23. <i>Left to right: t</i> = 3.77, <i>df</i> = 43, <i>p</i><0.002; <i>t</i> = −4.55, <i>df</i> = 43, <i>p</i><0.0004. The plasma glutamate level was significantly higher (<i>p</i><0.002), and the plasma glutamine level was significantly lower (<i>p</i><0.0004) in the HFA group than in the control group. When two autistic cases with extreme values were eliminated from the glutamate data, the results changed only negligibly; <i>p</i><0.002.</p

    Ambient temperature, precipitation, and duration of sunlight in Hamamatsu, Japan (34<sup>o</sup>42.5′N 137<sup>o</sup>43.1′E: 1981–2010). [31].

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    <p>Ambient temperature, precipitation, and duration of sunlight in Hamamatsu, Japan (34<sup>o</sup>42.5′N 137<sup>o</sup>43.1′E: 1981–2010). <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0052057#pone.0052057-Japan1" target="_blank">[31]</a>.</p

    Gross motor scores at the 6th (circle), 10th (square), and 14th (X) months of life, as assessed by the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, predicted by trigonometric function of months of birth.

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    <p>Footnotes: Each curve and dot indicates predicted values of gross motor scores at the 6th, 10th, and 14th month regressed onto a trigonometric function of months of birth, adjusted for maternal age at birth, gestational age at birth and birthweight, with 95% confidence intervals. Statistics for trigonometric function, amplitude and phase in month at the 6th month assessment: F(2, 736) = 21.71, p<0.001, Amplitude = 0.40 (95%CI: 0.39 to 0.41) points, phase in month = 0.52 (95%CI: 0.50 to 0.54) months. At the 10th month assessment: F(2, 736) = 12.36, p<0.001, Amplitude = 0.50 (95%CI: 0.49 to 0.51), phase in month = –0.82 (95%CI: –0.85 to –0.79) months. At the 14th month assessment: F(2,736) = 1.21, p = 0.30, amplitude and phase were undetermined; predicted values are mean of gross motor scores adjusted for maternal age at birth, gestational age at birth and birthweight.</p

    Representative pathological findings by HE staining in placentas.

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    <p>(A) ‘Accelerated villous maturation’; the yellow arrow indicates increases in the numbers of placental villi with the focal formation of tight adherent villous clusters with syncytial knots. (B) ‘Decidual vasculopathy’; the yellow arrow indicates the thrombus in decidual vessels. (C) ‘Thrombosis or Intramural fibrin deposition’; the yellow arrow indicates the fibrin cushion in the walls of stem villous vessels. (D) ‘Avascular villi’: the yellow arrow indicates a villi with hyalinized stroma which is devoid of vessels. (E) ‘Delayed villous maturation’; the yellow arrow indicates increases in the size of distal villi, increases in the numbers of stromal cells, and interstitial fluid uniformly distributed throughout the villous stroma. (F) ‘Maternal inflammatory response’; the yellow arrow indicates the infiltration of neutrophils in to the chorionic plate. (G) ‘Fetal inflammatory response’; the yellow arrow indicates the infiltration of neutrophils in to the umbilical vessel. (H) ‘VUE’; the yellow arrow indicates lymphohistiocytic inflammation predominantly in the stroma of terminal villi. (I) ‘Deciduitis’; the yellow arrow indicates the infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages.</p

    Relationship between body weight and ‘Maternal vascular malperfusion’ by a mixed model analysis.

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    <p>Upper and lower panels indicate the marginal mean and SD values of body weights and the relative ratio of the marginal mean of body weights. Red and blue dots indicate infants with and without ‘Maternal vascular malperfusion’, respectively. Error bars indicate standard deviations. ‘Maternal vascular malperfusion’ was a significant predictor of a light body weight in the first 18 months of life by mixed model analysis (p = 0.020).</p
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