Shows a reduction in the relative false-recency rate when viral load information is added to the combination LAg plus PwD screening.

<p>The figure shows how additional biomarker information can be used to improve the combination screening procedure for the 130-day cut-off. We hypothesize that treatment naïve participants with viral loads ≤1000 copies/mL are more likely to be recently infected with HIV. Results show an rFRR estimate of 38.1% (95% CI: 15.8–88.6) at a 90% sensitivity level. Since we are interested in the reduction of the rFRR by the PwD assay, we subtract this estimate from 100%. Thus, the PwD assay reduces the rFRR by 61.9% (or by at least 11.4% given an upper bound of the 95% CI) while maintaining a LAg sensitivity of 90% for the subsample of VL <1000 copies/mL specimens. The figure displays both ROC curves for the viral load covariate and the corresponding rFRR estimates (displayed by the dotted vertical lines).</p

Shows a reduction in the relative false-recency rate (rFRR) when viral load information is added to the combination BED plus PwD screening procedure.

<p>The figure shows how additional biomarker information can be used to improve the combination screening procedure for the 180-day cut-off. We hypothesize that treatment naïve participants with viral loads ≤1000 copies/mL are more likely to be recently infected with HIV. Results show an rFRR estimate of 31.6% (95% CI: 11–63.1) at a 90% sensitivity level. Since we are interested in the reduction of the rFRR by the PwD assay, we subtract this estimate from 100%. Thus, the PwD assay reduces the rFRR by 68.4% (or by at least 36.9% given the upper bound of the 95% CI) while maintaining a BED sensitivity of 90% for the subsample of VL >1000 copies/mL specimens. The figure displays both ROC curves for the viral load covariate and the corresponding rFRR estimates (displayed by the dotted vertical lines).</p

Area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) graph comparing the accuracy of the PwD, BED, and LAg assays in identifying HIV infection recency.

<p>Area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) graph comparing the accuracy of the PwD, BED, and LAg assays in identifying HIV infection recency.</p

Combination assay screening to identify HIV infection recency for the 130 and 180-day cut-offs periods.

<p>Combination assay screening to identify HIV infection recency for the 130 and 180-day cut-offs periods.</p

Participant and covariate characteristics.

<p>Participant and covariate characteristics.</p