Induction of Polyploidy in Stevia Plants (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) Using Colchicine

The primary objective of this study was to establish a protocol for induction of polyploidy in S. rebaudiana var. Levent 93. As a plant material in vitro propagated seedlings of stevia variety Levent 93 were used. For induction of polyploidy, shoot tips with 3-4 leaves of seedlings were immersed in 0.5%25 concentration of colchicine solution for 1, 2 and 4 hours. Then, shoot tips treated with colchicine solution and distilled water were taken into rooting medium. Plants that developed successfully in the rooting medium were transferred to pots and acclimatized to the external environment. Flow cytometry ploidy analysis was performed on plants treated with colchicine solution after approximately 8 months. According to the ploidy analysis results, it was determined that 17 plants were diploid and 3 plants were tetraploid among 20 plants that survived after treatment with colchicine. All tetraploid plants were observed in 2 hours treatments. As a result of the study, the viability rate, plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, chlorophyll amount, ploidy levels and core DNA contents of stevia plants treated with colchicine were determined and diploid and tetraploid plants were compared. When diploid plants and tetraploid plants are compared, it is concluded that tetraploid plants have smaller averages in terms of plant height average, while they have larger averages in terms of leaf number average and number of branches

Improvement of Superior Genotypes from Anatolian Sage (Salvia Fruticosa Mill.) Populations By Clonal Selection

This research was conducted with the purpose of obtaining high quality plants by selection breeding of Anatolian sage (Salvi afruticosa Mill.) in different locations of Antalya province. In this research, clonal individual plants belong to Salvia fruticosa Mill. species, were collected from 15 different populations in the flora of Antalya. The clonal selection method was used in the breeding of this species, which is propagated clonally. Dry herbage yield was between 748.34 and 1135.15 kg%252Fda for A clones, while it was between 748.34 and 1135.15 kg%252Fda for B clones in terms of the population mean. The highest dry leaf yield was determined 534.36 and 605.867 kg%252Fda for A and B clones respectively. Furthermore, 1.8-cineole, camphor and caryophyllene were determined as the main components of essential oils. The proportion of 1.8-cineole was determined between 34.51-73.49%25. In this research, it was observed that there was a large variation between clonal lines, and some of them were determined as important in terms of morphological characteristics, yield and quality

A Research of Color and Fastness Values on Silk, Wool and Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Pulp of Oregano (Origanum onites) and Sage (Salvia tomentosa)

One of the most important problems of natural dyeing is lack of raw material. In the recent years, researchers are aimed to solve the deficiency of raw material. The pulp of plants which are obtained from the steam distillation, are used as a dyestuff. We assume that the dyestuff in pulp of oregano and sage after steam distillation remain stable. Wool yarns and silk fabrics have been dyed in previous works done as a master and a Proficiency in Art thesis. The results were showed that our assumption is correct. Based on these results further researches were done. The textile materials were dyed with %25100 of pulp of oregano and sage. Mordant dyeing method was applied and three different mordant materials were applied with pre-mordant process. Alum [Kal(SO4)2.12H2O], ferrous (II) sulphate [FeSO4.7H2O] and potassium dichromate [K2Cr2O7] were used as a mordant and potassium bitartrate [KC4H5O6] as an auxiliary agent in alum mordanting. Rubbing (dry and wet) and washing fastness values were determined. Also the depths of shade were evaluated in terms of K%252FS and CIELAB colour difference values of the dyed fabric samples. According to the results obtained from the dyeing, the capability of pulp of plants is adequate and will supply the lack of the dyestuff. While the colors obtained from silk and wool fabrics are more vivid and dark, the colors of cotton fabrics are quite pale. This study will allow other pulp of plants to be evaluated in this way

The effect of smoking on cardiac diastolic parameters including Vp, a more reliable and newer parameter

Background: Previous studies have focused mainly on the acute effects of smoking on the diastolic function of the heart. The present study was conducted to demonstrate the chronic effects of smoking on the diastolic functional parameters of the heart, including transmitral M- mode coloured flow propagation velocity (Vp), among relatively younger asymptomatic adults. Method: Hundred smokers with histories of incessant smoking for at least one year prior to the time of the investigation were included in the prospectively designed study as group I. Group II consisted of 35 non-smokers, matched for age and gender. Addiction to smoking was graded according to the modified Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (M-FNDT). Each smoker was designated by a nicotine dependence index (NDI) according to the M-FNDT. Groups I and II were compared with respect to major diastolic functional parameters on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), including the E/A ratio, deceleration time (DT), isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and Vp, along with basic clinical and echocardiographic parameters. Results: Thirty one smokers in group 1 and 5 non-smokers in group 2 were excluded from the study according to the pre-defined exclusion criteria. Therefore 69 smokers (mean age: 30 &#177; 4.9 years, M/F: 32/37) in group I were compared with 30 non-smokers (mean age: 31.4 &#177; 4.8 years, M/F: 15/15) in group II. In group I the mean values of E/A and Vp were significantly lower (p < 0.001), whereas the mean values of IVRT and DT were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in group II. In group I the value of NDI was positively correlated with the values of DT and IVTR (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with the value of Vp (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Conventional and relatively new parameters of cardiac diastolic function, in particular Vp, were found to be impaired in smokers demonstrating the chronic adverse effects of smoking on the diastolic function of the heart. The severity of this impairment was closely correlated with the degree of addiction to smoking. (Cardiol J 2007; 14: 281-286

Initial syncope associated with alternating attacks of supraventricular tachycardia and atrioventricular block long after surgical correction of tricuspid atresia

The Fontan procedure has become a generic term to define a surgical procedure that orients the systemic venous return directly to the pulmonary arteries, and has been used as a palliative operation for pulmonary atresia, tricuspid atresia, double inlet ventricle and complex single ventricle. The earliest type of Fontan procedure was a simple atriopulmonary anastomosis between the right atrium and the pulmonary artery. Atrial arrhythmias, particularly atrial flutter and sinus node dysfunction may occur in the early and late postoperative period after simple atriopulmonary anastomosis. The case presented here represents a much delayed occurrence of an initial syncope due to alternating attacks of SVT (supraventricular tachycardia) and second degree heart block on admission 21 years after simple atriopulmonary anastomosis performed for the correction of tricuspid atresia. (Cardiol J 2008; 15: 186-188

CRISPR-Of-Things%253A Applications and Challenges of the Most Popular Gene Editing Tool in the Fields of Health, Agriculture and Environment

Almost all cells of any living organism contain DNA, a hereditary molecule that passes from generation to generation during reproduction. The term quot%253Bgenomequot%253B generally refers to the total DNA sequences in an organism. The genome consists of DNA sequences called gene, which plays a role in the basic biological processes involved in many phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, such as performing cellular functions, controlling numbers and species, regulating energy production, metabolism, and combating diseases. Gene editing is the process of pre-designing and modifying a particular DNA sequence in a targeted gene. The most widely used technique is CRISPR-Cas technology. For this purpose, the DNA helix is ​​cut at a certain point, to form a double-strand break (DSB), and naturally existing cellular repair mechanisms repair the DSB. Modes of the repair mechanisms may affect the gene function. When DSB is formed, gene editing techniques can be applied to remove, insert, or replace a newly modified sequence using a synthetic donor template DNA. In developed and developing countries, CRISPR-Cas studies in addition to research and development studies are rapidly increasing. In addition to increasing population, changing weather conditions, declining farmland, increasing biotic and abiotic stresses are other important barriers to agricultural production, food, and feed supply. In this report, CRISPR-Cas applications are introduced in detail from the studies that carried out gene modifications in the fields of health, animals, plants, microorganisms, and food supply. Besides, these technologies and applications have been examined in terms of world biosafety legislation and the scientific risk assessment of the products developed using the CRISPR-Cas technique

Wpływ palenia tytoniu na parametry funkcji rozkurczowej lewej komory, w tym na Vp jako nowszy i bardziej wiarygodny parametr

Wstęp: We wcześniejszych badaniach skupiano się głównie na doraźnym, bezpośrednim wpływie palenia tytoniu na funkcję rozkurczową serca. Celem niniejszej pracy było przedstawienie wpływu długotrwałego palenia tytoniu na parametry funkcji rozkurczowej serca, w tym prędkość propagacji napływu mitralnego (Vp), ocenianą w badaniu doplerowskim znakowanym kolorem w prezentacji jednowymiarowej u stosunkowo młodych dorosłych bez objawów. Metody: Badanie miało charakter prospektywny. Do grupy I zakwalifikowano 100 osób palących tytoń nieprzerwanie przez przynajmniej rok przed rozpoczęciem badania. Grupę II stanowiło 35 niepalących pacjentów, dostosowanych do grupy I pod względem wieku i płci. Za pomocą zmodyfikowanego Kwestionariusza Tolerancji Nikotyny Fagerströma (M-FNDT) oceniono stopień uzależnienia od nikotyny u badanych pacjentów. Następnie na podstawie wskaźnika uzależnienia od nikotyny (NDI) uzyskanego z M-FNDT każdego z palaczy przydzielono do odpowiedniej podgrupy. Obie grupy pacjentów porównano na podstawie głównych parametrów rozkurczowych uzyskanych za pomocą echokardiografii przezklatkowej, takich jak stosunek E/A, czas deceleracji (DT), czas rozkurczu izowolumetrycznego (IVRT) i Vp, a także na podstawie podstawowych parametrów klinicznych i echokardiograficznych. Wyniki: Opierając się na wstępnych kryteriach wyłączenia, z badania wykluczono 31 palaczy z grupy I oraz 5 niepalących z grupy II. W rezultacie porównano 69 palaczy (śr. wiek: 30 &#177; &#177; 4,9 roku, M/K: 32/37) z grupy I oraz 30 niepalących (śr. wiek: 31,4 &#177; 4,8 roku, M/K: 15/15) z grupy II. W grupie I średnie wartości stosunku E/A oraz Vp były wyraźnie niższe (p < 0,001), podczas gdy średnie wartości IVRT oraz DT były znamiennie wyższe (p < 0,001) niż w grupie II. W grupie I wartość NDI była wprost proporcjonalna do DT oraz IVTR (p < 0,001) oraz odwrotnie proporcjonalna do Vp (p < 0,001). Wnioski: Zarówno konwencjonalne, jak i względnie nowe parametry oceny funkcji rozkurczowej lewej komory, zwłaszcza Vp, okazały się znacznie gorsze u osób palących tytoń, co odzwierciedla szkodliwy wpływ palenia na funkcję rozkurczową serca. Wielkość tego pogorszenia ściśle korelowała ze stopniem uzależnienia od palenia. (Folia Cardiologica Excerpta 2007; 2: 485&#8211;491

Scrotal calcinosis due to resorption of cyst walls: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Scrotal calcinosis is a rare benign entity defined as the presence of multiple calcified nodules within the scrotal skin. There are controversies about the origin of this entity. In fact, it is still debatable whether scrotal calcinosis is an idiopathic growth or dystrophic calcification of dartoic muscles. It is also unclear whether scrotal calcinosis originates from inflammation of epidermal cysts affected by mild to moderate inflammation of mononuclear cells, from foreign body granuloma formation followed by resorption of cyst walls or from eccrine epithelial cysts.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report a 41-year-old male Turkish patient presenting with a 10-year history of scrotal tumours increasing slowly in size and number. Histopathologically, there was no epithelial lining around the calcified nodules, but there was fibrosis adjacent to atrophic stratified squamous epithelium.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Results of histopathological examinations suggested that scrotal calcinosis might have been due to resorption of cyst walls. Surgery remains the key for this problem. In cases of non-massive scrotal calcinosis, like the case presented here, excision of the nodules from the affected part of the scrotal wall and repairing the defect with horizontal stitches offer good cosmetic results without relapse.</p

Antalya%252339%253Bda Doğal Olarak Yayılış Gösteren Bazı Sideritis Türlerinin Toprak Üstü Kısmından Elde Edilen Uçucu Yağlar%253A Miktar, Kimyasal Kompozisyon ve Toplam Fenolikler

Dünyada 224 cins ve yaklaşık 5.600 türle temsil edilen en geniş çiçekli bitki familyalarından birisi olan Lamiaceae familyası Türkiyede toplam 45 cins, 565 tür ve 765 takson ile temsil edilmektedir. Lamiaceae familyasında yer alan ve 150den fazla tür içeren Sideritis cinsi dünyada özellikle Akdeniz havzasında yayılış göstermektedir ve ülkemizde 36sı endemik olan 55 takson ile temsil edilmektedir. Bu yüksek endemizim oranı nedeni ile Türkiye Sideritis cinsinin iki gen merkezinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Antalya Bölgesinde doğal yayılış gösteren 2 tek yıllık, 6 çok yıllık taksonun 12 lokasyondan örneklenerek incelendiği bu çalışmada, populasyonların uçucu yağ verimi %25 0.0-0.3 aralığında bulunmuştur. En yüksek değer Sideritis congesta türünün Akseki lokasyonundan (%25 0.3) elde edilirken bazı örneklerden uçucu yağ elde edilememiştir. 8 taksonda toplam 12 populasyona ait uçucu yağ örneğinin içerik analiz sonuçlarında toplam 55 bileşik tanımlanmıştır. Bu bileşiklerden beta%253B-pinen, alpha%253B-pinen, limonen, linalol, karyofilen oksit, germakren-D ve delta%253B-kadinen bileşikleri hem miktar hem de tanımlandığı örnek sayısı bakımından öne çıkan bileşikler olarak dikkat çekmiştir. Fenolik madde miktarlarının araştırılması amacıyla 14 takson ayrıca örneklenerek değerlendirilmiş, çalışmanın sonucunda populasyonlara ait toplam fenolik madde miktarlarının 27.5-68.9 mg GAE%252Fg aralığında değiştiği bulunmuştur. En yüksek değer Sideritis stricta türüne ait örnekte, en düşük değer ise lokal endemik bir tür olan Sideritis albiflora türüne ait örnekte tespit edilmiştir

A study of anther gene function in Brassica napus using an antisense RNA approach.

Abstract not available