Epistasis associated with QTLs.

<p>Epistatic interactions were detected associated with the markers on chromosome 2 and 10. Open circles and closed circles represent homozygous and heterozygous variants for the tested markers, respectively. Asterisks signify significant differences between the two genotypes (**<i>P</i><0.001; *<i>P</i><0.01; Mann-Whitney’s U test).</p

Podocyte-related genes on Chr 13 QTL.

<p>N.D.: not detected.</p

Hemoglobin concentration and BUN and kidney injury in backcross mice.

<p>(A, left) Distributions of HGB and BUN in (ICGN×B6) F₁×ICGN backcross progenies. (A, right) Distributions of HGB and BUN in B6-<i>Tns2^nph</i>, ICGN, (ICGN×B6) F₁, backcross mice. (B) Glomerular index and tubular index distributions in (ICGN×B6) F₁×ICGN backcross progenies. B6con, B6-<i>Tns2^nph</i>; BC, backcross mice; NS, no significant; asterisk, <i>P</i><0.001.</p

Linkage of nephropathy to chromosome 2.

<p>(A) Genome-wide linkage analysis of the tubular index. (B) LOD plots show the linkage of nephropathic traits to chromosome 2. HGB (solid line) and tubular index (dotted line) yielded significant LOD scores. The approximate 95% confidential intervals: 19.6–56.4 cM (tubule), 26–73 cM (glomeruli), 26–55 cM (HGB), 23–59 cM (HCT), 27–72 cM (BUN). (C) LOD curve and bootstrap histogram of the QTL on chromosome 2 for tubular index.</p

LOD score curves on chromosome 13.

<p>(A) A significant QTL for glomerular index was detected on chromosome 13. The approximate 95% confidential intervals: 0–31.5 cM. (B) Glomerular index at the peak LOD score (<i>D13Mit60</i>). The resistance phenotype associated with ICGN/B6 genotype (<i>P</i><0.001, Mann-Whitney’s U test).</p

Effect of delayed parturition on appearance of ovarian mast cells in MRL/MpJ and C57BL/6N mice.

<p>(A and B) Toluidine blue-stained sections of MRL/MpJ mice ovaries at (A) embryonic day 21.5 with artificially delayed parturition, and (B) postnatal day 2. Bars: 100 µm. (C) Number of mast cells per total ovarian area (OMC density) in MRL/MpJ mice. (D) OMC density in C57BL/6N mice. (E) Ratio of number of mast cells facing ovarian surface epithelium per total ovarian area to OMC density (SEMC ratio) in MRL/MpJ mice. (F) SEMC ratio in C57BL/6N mice. (G) Plasma estradiol concentration at embryonic day 18.5. (H) Plasma progesterone concentration at embryonic day 18.5. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 3–13 per group). Significant differences were analysed using the Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test. *<i>P</i> < 0.05; ns, not significant.</p

Candidate genes regulating the appearance of neonatal ovarian mast cells.

<p>(A) Quantitative real-time PCR analyses of candidate gene expression at postnatal day 0. Significant differences were analysed using the Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test. **<i>P</i> < 0.01; ND, not detected. (B) Correlation between <i>Tpsb2</i> and <i>Ccl17</i> (Pearson’s correlation test, n = 9). (C Correlation between <i>Tpsb2</i> and <i>Mt4</i> (Pearson’s correlation test, n = 8).</p

Appearance of ovarian mast cells in MRL/MpJ and C57BL/6N mice, and F1 and F2 intercross mice at postnatal day 0.

<p>(A–F) Toluidine blue-stained sections of ovaries in (A) MRL/MpJ, (B) C57BL/6N, (C) MRLB6F1, (D) reciprocal F1 (B6MRLF1), (E) MRLB6F2, and (F) reciprocal F2 (B6MRLF2). Bars: 100 µm. (G) Number of mast cells per total ovarian area (OMC density). (H) Number of mast cells facing ovarian surface epithelium per total ovarian area (SEMC density). (I) Ratio of SEMC density to OMC density (SEMC ratio). Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 10–20 per group). Significant differences were analysed using Scheffé’s method following the Kruskal-Wallis test. Statistical significance is indicated by different letters (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p

Appearance of ovarian mast cells in BMM progeny at postnatal day 0.

<p>(A) Distribution of number of mast cells per total ovarian area (OMC density). (B) Distribution of number of mast cells facing ovarian surface epithelium per total ovarian area (SEMC density). (C) Distribution of ratio of SEMC to OMC densities (SEMC ratio). (D) Correlation between OMC and SEMC densities (Pearson’s correlation test, n = 200). (E) Correlation between SEMC density and SEMC ratio (Pearson’s correlation test, n = 200). (F) Correlation between SEMC ratio and OMC density (Pearson’s correlation test, n = 200).</p

Epistatic interactions regulating the appearance of ovarian mast cells.

<p>(A) Genotypic interactions between <i>D8Mit312</i> and <i>D6Mit74</i> for the number of mast cells per total ovarian area (OMC density). (B) Genotypic interactions between <i>D8Mit312</i> and <i>D6Mit74</i> for the number of mast cells facing ovarian surface epithelium per total ovarian area (SEMC density) (C) Genotypic interactions between <i>D8Mit248</i> and <i>D19Mit33</i> for SEMC density. (D) Genotypic interactions between <i>D8Mit89</i> and <i>D19Mit91</i> for SEMC ratio. M/B indicates mice heterozygous with both a MRL/MpJ and C57BL/6N allele. M/M indicates mice homozygous for the MRL/MpJ allele. Data represent mean ± SEM.</p