Topological Quantum Walk with Discrete Time-Glide Symmetry

Discrete quantum walks are periodically driven systems with discrete time evolution. In contrast to ordinary Floquet systems, no microscopic Hamiltonian exists, and the one-period time evolution is given directly by a series of unitary operators. Regarding each constituent unitary operator as a discrete time step, we formulate discrete space-time symmetry in quantum walks and evaluate the corresponding symmetry protected topological phases. In particular, we study chiral and/or time-glide symmetric topological quantum walks in this formalism. Due to discrete nature of time evolution,the topological classification is found to be different from that in conventional Floquet systems. As a concrete example, we study a two-dimensional quantum walk having both chiral and time-glide symmetries, and identify the anomalous edge states protected by these symmetries.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure

Line-of-sight structure of troughs identified in Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Year 3 weak lensing mass maps

We perform the weak lensing mass mapping analysis to identify troughs, which are defined as local minima in the mass map. Since weak lensing probes projected matter along the line-of-sight, these troughs can be produced by single voids or multiple voids projected along the line-of-sight. To scrutinise the origins of the weak lensing troughs, we systematically investigate the line-of-sight structure of troughs selected from the latest Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Year 3 weak lensing data covering $433.48 \, \mathrm{deg}^2$. From a curved sky mass map constructed with the HSC data, we identify 15 troughs with the signal-to-noise ratio higher than $5.7$ and address their line-of-sight density structure utilizing redshift distributions of two galaxy samples, photometric luminous red galaxies observed by HSC and spectroscopic galaxies detected by Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. While most of weak lensing signals due to the troughs are explained by multiple voids aligned along the line-of-sight, we find that two of the 15 troughs potentially originate from single voids at redshift $\sim 0.3$. The single void interpretation appears to be consistent with our three-dimensional mass mapping analysis. We argue that single voids can indeed reproduce observed weak lensing signals at the troughs if these voids are not spherical but are highly elongated along the line-of-sight direction.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRA

Spatial-photonic Ising machine by space-division multiplexing with physically tunable coefficients of a multi-component model

This paper proposes a space-division multiplexed spatial-photonic Ising machine (SDM-SPIM) that physically calculates the weighted sum of the Ising Hamiltonians for individual components in a multi-component model. Space-division multiplexing enables tuning a set of weight coefficients as an optical parameter and obtaining the desired Ising Hamiltonian at a time. We solved knapsack problems to verify the system's validity, demonstrating that optical parameters impact the search property. We also investigated a new dynamic coefficient search algorithm to enhance search performance. The SDM-SPIM would physically calculate the Hamiltonian and a part of the optimization with an electronics process.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

Characterization of genetically modified mice for phosphoglycerate mutase, a vitally-essential enzyme in glycolysis

Models de ratolí; Glucòlisi; Diabetis mellitusModelos de ratón; Glucólisis; Diabetes mellitusMouse models; Glycolysis; Diabetes mellitusGlycolytic metabolism is closely involved in physiological homeostasis and pathophysiological states. Among glycolytic enzymes, phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) has been reported to exert certain physiological role in vitro, whereas its impact on glucose metabolism in vivo remains unclear. Here, we report the characterization of Pgam1 knockout mice. We observed that homozygous knockout mice of Pgam1 were embryonic lethal. Although we previously reported that both PGAM-1 and -2 affect global glycolytic profile of cancers in vitro, in vivo glucose parameters were less affected both in the heterozygous knockout of Pgam1 and in Pgam2 transgenic mice. Thus, the impact of PGAM on in vivo glucose metabolism is rather complex than expected before.This work was supported in part by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grants No. 26310103 to HK and No. 15K19283 to HK), and by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST JP17gm0610002h0306 to HK). HK; Hiroshi Kondoh

Kamishoyosan and Shakuyakukanzoto promote recovery from paclitaxel-induced neurite retraction in PC12 cells

Background: In chemotherapy, the full round of treatment must be completed as scheduled to achieve the strongest therapeutic effect. However, peripheral neuropathy, a severe side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel, can force the premature discontinuation of treatment. As some kampo practitioners have suggested that it may be possible to counteract such side effects, we analyzed the effects of Kamishoyosan, Shakuyakukanzoto, and Goshajinkigan in an in vitro model of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Methods: Paclitaxel-treated PC12 cells were assessed for neurite length and performed Western blot analysis for growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and light neurofilament protein (NF-L) levels in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF); they were re-assessed, with additional testing for acetylcholinesterase levels, after application of one of the kampo. We also compared phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)1/2 and Akt via Western blot analysis. About effect of kampo to anticancer efficacy, we confirmed cell cytotoxicity in A549 cells using MTT assay. Results: Addition of Kamishoyosan or Shakuyakukanzoto, but not Goshajinkigan, significantly improved neurite length and GAP-43 and NF-L levels from paclitaxel-treated PC12 cells, relative to those of only NGF-treated PC12 cells. The promoting effect of Kamishoyosan and Shakuyakukanzoto in neurite outgrowth is confirmed when NGF promoted neurite outgrowth, and it was inhibited partially when Erk1/2 and Akt were blocked by Erk1/2 inhibitor or Akt inhibitor alone. Furthermore, neurite outgrowth induced by TJ24 and TJ68 was inhibited more strongly when Erk1/2 inhibitor and Akt inhibitor were treated at the same time. NGF with Kamishoyosan or Shakuyakukanzoto promoted the proportion of phosphorylated Erk1/2 and phosphorylated Akt compare with NGF only. On the other hand, Kamishoyosan or Shakuyakukanzoto didn’t influence cytotoxicity of paclitaxel in A549 cells. Conclusions: Kamishoyosan or Shakuyakukanzoto promotes neurite outgrowth with NGF via increasing the proportion of phosphorylated Erk1/2 and phosphorylated Akt in PC12 cells. The effect applies to recovery from paclitaxel-induced axonal involvement and might promote recovery from paclitaxel-induced neuropathy without influence of anticancer effect of paclitaxel