Flow diagram of participant progress through the MTN-007 study.

<p>Flow diagram of participant progress through the MTN-007 study.</p

Number of genes in rectal biopsies (9 cm) with significant expression changes between baseline and after 7 days of treatment.

<p>The four ellipses represent each of the four treatment arms, Nonoxynol 9 (N-9) gel, tenofovir (TFV) gel, hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) gel or no gel (No Rx). The numbers of genes changing expression exclusively in one study arm are indicated in fields of the diagram that do not overlap with another field (N-9, 93 genes; TFV, 608 genes; HEC, 11 genes; No Rx 12 genes). When identical genes changed in more than one treatment arm, their number is placed into the respective overlapping fields of the diagram. Choice of colors is arbitrary to help visually distinguish each separate field of the diagram. cRNA preparation, gene chip hybridization, and data significance analysis was carried out as described in the <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0060147#s2" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a> section of the paper.</p

Baseline demographics of each treatment group.

<p>HEC, hydroxyethyl cellulose; N-9, Nonoxynol-9.</p

Mucosal immunology assays with suggestive evidence of changes with nominal pairwise comparison p-value less than 0.05.

<p>HEC, hydroxyethyl cellulose; N-9, Nonoxynol-9, qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR, RANTES; Regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed.</p>+<p>Data expressed as logarithm (base 10) transformation of the number of copies of gene of interest/the number of copies of β2 microglobulin in the same sample.</p>*<p>p-values that are significant after controlling for family-wise error rate at 0.05 using Bonferroni correction.</p><p> ˆp-values that are significant after controlling for false discovery rate at 0.1 using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure.</p