366 research outputs found
Six Year Summary of Foliar Fungicide Use in Alfalfa Production
The best probability of achieving an economic response to a foliar fungicide application in alfalfa production is to first crop. Other than that, we need to be more selective of our opportunities for an economic return based on scouting, yield potential, environmental conditions and alfalfa forage value. To apply fungicides to alfalfa without consideration for yield potential of individual cuttings or environments favorable to disease development would not follow proper stewardship of pesticide use nor result in maximizin
Best Management Production Input Approach to High Yielding Alfalfa
Eight alfalfa production inputs were evaluated on best profit per acre. Iowa State University (ISU) fertilizer recommendations proved to be more profitable than for using a higher fertilizer rate. Additional inputs of foliar fertilizer and Bioforge applied to every regrowth did not improve profitability. Select use of foliar insecticide when pest levels exceeding thresholds appeared to be profitable, but prophylactic applications to every regrowth did not improve overall profitability. Foliar fungicide applications improved profitability for some harvests, but not all. Most profitable use appears to be to apply in late April to benefit first crop yield
Massively parallel single-molecule manipulation using centrifugal force
Precise manipulation of single molecules has already led to remarkable
insights in physics, chemistry, biology and medicine. However, widespread
adoption of single-molecule techniques has been impeded by equipment cost and
the laborious nature of making measurements one molecule at a time. We have
solved these issues with a new approach: massively parallel single-molecule
force measurements using centrifugal force. This approach is realized in a
novel instrument that we call the Centrifuge Force Microscope (CFM), in which
objects in an orbiting sample are subjected to a calibration-free,
macroscopically uniform force-field while their micro-to-nanoscopic motions are
observed. We demonstrate high-throughput single-molecule force spectroscopy
with this technique by performing thousands of rupture experiments in parallel,
characterizing force-dependent unbinding kinetics of an antibody-antigen pair
in minutes rather than days. Additionally, we verify the force accuracy of the
instrument by measuring the well-established DNA overstretching transition at
66 3 pN. With significant benefits in efficiency, cost, simplicity, and
versatility, "single-molecule centrifugation" has the potential to
revolutionize single-molecule experimentation, and open access to a wider range
of researchers and experimental systems.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
A novel modelling and simulation capacity development initiative for the National Health Service
Combustion-derived nanoparticles: A review of their toxicology following inhalation exposure
This review considers the molecular toxicology of combustion-derived nanoparticles (CDNP) following inhalation exposure. CDNP originate from a number of sources and in this review we consider diesel soot, welding fume, carbon black and coal fly ash. A substantial literature demonstrates that these pose a hazard to the lungs through their potential to cause oxidative stress, inflammation and cancer; they also have the potential to redistribute to other organs following pulmonary deposition. These different CDNP show considerable heterogeneity in composition and solubility, meaning that oxidative stress may originate from different components depending on the particle under consideration. Key CDNP-associated properties of large surface area and the presence of metals and organics all have the potential to produce oxidative stress. CDNP may also exert genotoxic effects, depending on their composition. CDNP and their components also have the potential to translocate to the brain and also the blood, and thereby reach other targets such as the cardiovascular system, spleen and liver. CDNP therefore can be seen as a group of particulate toxins unified by a common mechanism of injury and properties of translocation which have the potential to mediate a range of adverse effects in the lungs and other organs and warrant further research
Effect of hypoglycaemia on measures of myocardial blood flow and myocardial injury in adults with and without type 1 diabetes:A prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, cross-over study
Abstract Aims This study examined the effect of experimentallyâinduced hypoglycaemia on measures of myocardial blood flow and myocardial injury in adults with, and without, type 1 diabetes. Methods In a prospective, randomised, openâlabel, blinded, endpoint crossâover study, 17 young adults with type 1 diabetes with no cardiovascular risk factors, and 10 healthy nonâdiabetic volunteers, underwent hyperinsulinaemicâeuglycaemic (blood glucose 4.5â5.5 mmol/L) and hypoglycaemic (2.2â2.5 mmol/L) clamps. Myocardial blood flow was assessed using transthoracic echocardiography Doppler coronary flow reserve (CFR) and myocardial injury using plasma highâsensitivity cardiac troponin I (hsâcTnI) concentration. Results During hypoglycaemia, coronary flow reserve trended nonâsignificantly lower in those with type 1 diabetes than in the nonâdiabetic participants (3.54 ± 0.47 vs. 3.89 ± 0.89). A generalised linear mixedâmodel analysis examined diabetes status and euglycaemia or hypoglycaemia as factors affecting CFR. No statistically significant difference in CFR was observed for diabetes status (p = .23) or between euglycaemia and hypoglycaemia (p = .31). No changes in hsâcTnI occurred during hypoglycaemia or in the recovery period (p = .86). Conclusions A small change in CFR was not statistically significant in this study, implying hypoglycaemia may require more than coronary vasomotor dysfunction to cause harm. Further larger studies are required to investigate this putative problem
The First High Redshift Quasar from Pan-STARRS
We present the discovery of the first high redshift (z > 5.7) quasar from the
Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System 1 (Pan-STARRS1 or PS1).
This quasar was initially detected as an i dropoutout in PS1, confirmed
photometrically with the SAO Widefield InfraRed Camera (SWIRC) at Arizona's
Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT) and the Gamma-Ray Burst Optical/Near-Infrared
Detector (GROND) at the MPG 2.2 m telescope in La Silla. The quasar was
verified spectroscopically with the the MMT Spectrograph, Red Channel and the
Cassegrain Twin Spectrograph (TWIN) at the Calar Alto 3.5 m telescope. It has a
redshift of 5.73, an AB z magnitude of 19.4, a luminosity of 3.8 x 10^47 erg/s
and a black hole mass of 6.9 x 10^9 solar masses. It is a Broad Absorption Line
quasar with a prominent Ly-beta peak and a very blue continuum spectrum. This
quasar is the first result from the PS1 high redshift quasar search that is
projected to discover more than a hundred i dropout quasars, and could
potentially find more than 10 z dropout (z > 6.8) quasars.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) for social media analytics
This chapter presents the ART-based clustering algorithms for social media analytics in detail. Sections 3.1 and 3.2 introduce Fuzzy ART and its clustering mechanisms, respectively, which provides a deep understanding of the base model that is used and extended for handling the social media clustering challenges. Important concepts such as vigilance region (VR) and its properties are explained and proven. Subsequently, Sects. 3.3-3.7 illustrate five types of ART adaptive resonance theory variants, each of which addresses the challenges in one social media analytical scenario, including automated parameter adaptation, user preference incorporation, short text clustering, heterogeneous data co-clustering and online streaming data indexing. The content of this chapter is several prior studies, including Probabilistic ART [15
Development of a GEM-TPC prototype
The use of GEM foils for the amplification stage of a TPC instead of a con-
ventional MWPC allows one to bypass the necessity of gating, as the backdrift
is suppressed thanks to the asymmetric field configuration. This way, a novel
continuously running TPC, which represents one option for the PANDA central
tracker, can be realized. A medium sized prototype with a diameter of 300 mm
and a length of 600 mm will be tested inside the FOPI spectrometer at GSI using
a carbon or lithium beam at intermediate energies (E = 1-3AGeV). This detector
test under realistic experimental conditions should allow us to verify the
spatial resolution for single tracks and the reconstruction capability for
displaced vertexes. A series of physics measurement implying pion beams is
scheduled with the FOPI spectrometer together with the GEM-TPC as well.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings for 11th ICATTP conference in como
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