7,997 research outputs found
The Makeenko-Migdal equation for Yang-Mills theory on compact surfaces
We prove the Makeenko-Migdal equation for two-dimensional Euclidean
Yang-Mills theory on an arbitrary compact surface, possibly with boundary. In
particular, we show that two of the proofs given by the first, third, and
fourth authors for the plane case extend essentially without change to compact
surfaces.Comment: Final version, minor typographical corrections. To appear in Comm.
Math. Phy
A layered approach to (past) habituality in English
In this paper, we investigate whether expressions of habituality in UK English, in particular adverbs of event distribution and the auxiliaries used to and would, pertain to hierarchically different layers of semantic organization, in the sense that they would have different portions of the semantic structure in their scope. This question is addressed using the framework of Functional Discourse Grammar. The application of the Complement Clause Test and the Scope Test reveals that indeed habituality operates at three different layers: adverbs of event distribution operate at the layer of the Configurational Property, used to at the next higher layer, that of the State of Affairs, and would at the next higher layer, that of the Episode
The Brown measure of the free multiplicative Brownian motion
The free multiplicative Brownian motion is the large- limit of the
Brownian motion on in the sense of -distributions. The natural candidate for the large- limit of the empirical
distribution of eigenvalues is thus the Brown measure of . In previous
work, the second and third authors showed that this Brown measure is supported
in the closure of a region that appeared work of Biane. In the
present paper, we compute the Brown measure completely. It has a continuous
density on which is strictly positive and real
analytic on . This density has a simple form in polar coordinates:
where is an
analytic function determined by the geometry of the region .
We show also that the spectral measure of free unitary Brownian motion
is a "shadow" of the Brown measure of , precisely mirroring the
relationship between Wigner's semicircle law and Ginibre's circular law. We
develop several new methods, based on stochastic differential equations and
PDE, to prove these results.Comment: Added references to subsequent works building on these results. Made
a notational change, replacing the regularization parameter x with epsilo
Physics Analysis Expert PAX: First Applications
PAX (Physics Analysis Expert) is a novel, C++ based toolkit designed to
assist teams in particle physics data analysis issues. The core of PAX are
event interpretation containers, holding relevant information about and
possible interpretations of a physics event. Providing this new level of
abstraction beyond the results of the detector reconstruction programs, PAX
facilitates the buildup and use of modern analysis factories. Class structure
and user command syntax of PAX are set up to support expert teams as well as
newcomers in preparing for the challenges expected to arise in the data
analysis at future hadron colliders.Comment: Talk from the 2003 Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics
(CHEP03), La Jolla, Ca, USA, March 2003, 7 pages, LaTeX, 10 eps figures. PSN
THLT00
p19/Arf and p53 suppress sentinel lymph node lymphangiogenesis and carcinoma metastasis.
The ability of tumor cells to metastasize is increasingly viewed as an interaction between the primary tumor and host tissues. Deletion of the p19/Arf or p53 tumor suppressor genes accelerates malignant progression and metastatic spread of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced squamous cell carcinomas, providing a model system to address mechanisms of metastasis. Here, we show that benign pre-metastatic papillomas from wild-type mice trigger lymphangiogenesis within draining lymph nodes, whereas there is no growth of primary tumor lymphatic vessels. Lymph node lymphangiogenesis is greatly accelerated in papilloma-bearing p19/Arf- or p53-deficient mice, which coincides with the greater propensity of these tumors to progress to carcinomas and to metastasize. The extent of accumulation of B cells within the tumor-draining lymph nodes of wild-type mice predicted the level of lymph node lymphangiogenesis and metastatic potential. Arf or p53 deficiency strongly accelerated lymph node immune cell accumulation, in a manner that was associated with the extent of lymph node lymphatic sinus growth. This immune cell accumulation and lymph node lymphangiogenesis phenotype identifies host anti-tumor responses that could drive metastatic spread of cancers via the lymphatics
Perceived importance of components of asynchronous music in circuit training
This study examined regular exercisers’ perceptions of specific components of music
during circuit training. Twenty-four men (38.8 years, s = 11.8 years) and 31 women
(32.4 years, s = 9.6 years) completed two questionnaires immediately after a circuit
training class. Participants rated the importance of 13 components of music (rhythm,
melody, etc.) in relation to exercise enjoyment, and each completed the Affect Intensity
Measure (Larsen, 1984) to measure emotional reactivity. Independent t tests were used
to evaluate gender differences in perceptions of musical importance. Pearson
correlations were computed to evaluate the relationships between affect intensity, age
and importance of musical components. Consistent with previous research and
theoretical predictions, rhythm response components (rhythm, tempo, beat) were rated
as most important. Women rated the importance of melody significantly higher than did
men, while men gave more importance to music associated with sport. Affect intensity
was found to be positively and significantly related to the perceived importance of
melody, lyrical content, musical style, personal associations and emotional content.
Results suggest that exercise leaders need to be sensitive to personal factors when
choosing music to accompany exercise. Qualitative research that focuses on the
personal meaning of music is encouraged
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