Effect of YAP1 targeted siRNAs on the proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell lines.

<p>The cell growth curves of A) BxPC-3 and B) PANC-1 transfected with YAP1 siRNA oligonucleotides. The independent two-sample <i>t</i> test (two-tailed) was utilized to calculate the statistical significance at the 96-hour time point compared to Neg siRNA. * denotes p<0.05, and ** denotes p<0.01. C) The Caspase-Glo 3/7 Assay (Promega) was used to determine the level of apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells transfected with YAP1 siRNA oligonucleotides after 72 hours. ** denotes an independent two-sample <i>t</i> test (two-tailed) p-value of <0.01 when compared to the negative siRNA control (Neg siRNA).</p

YAP1 expression in pancreatic cell lines and xenograft tumors.

<p>A) Western blotting analysis of YAP1 protein expression in a panel of eight pancreatic cancer and two immortalized (non-transformed) pancreatic cell lines. B–E) Immunohistochemical staining for YAP1 in pancreatic cancer xenografts: B) AsPC-1; C) BxPC-3; D) MIA PaCa-2; and E) PANC-1.</p

Summary of YAP1 immunostaining in pancreatic tumors and adjacent normal samples.

<p>Summary of YAP1 immunostaining in pancreatic tumors and adjacent normal samples.</p

Nuclear YAP1 expression level and its correlation with histopathological parameters in pancreatic cancer.

<p>Abbreviation: pN, pathological nodal status; 0 = negative, 1 = metastasis present.</p

Immunohistochemical staining of YAP1 in pancreatic tumor samples.

<p>A) Negative to weak cytoplasmic staining in normal ductal epithelium (white arrows). B) Moderate staining (mostly cytoplasmic) in normal ducts adjacent to tumor (white arrows). C) Moderate to strong staining in a normal centroacinar and small ductal cells (white arrows); D) Weak staining in a ductal adenocarcinoma (black arrows); E) Strong staining in a well differentiated ductal adenocarcinom (black arrows); and F) strong staining (mostly nuclear) in a poorly differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma (black arrows).</p

YAP1 protein expression and localization in pancreatic cancer cell lines.

<p>As cell density increases, the pancreatic cancer cell lines, BxPC-3 and PANC-1, response to the deactivation of YAP1 as a transcription cofactor by cytosolic sequestration is less substantial than HPDE6. Cells were extracted at increasing cell densities after 48 hours of initial seeding. PARP serves as the loading control for the nuclear fraction. α-tubulin serves as the loading control for the whole cell lysates and cytosolic fraction.</p