Identifying entrepreneurial potential? An investigation of the identifiers and features of entrepreneurship

Abstract. The paper reports a study of entrepreneurship potential amongst students at one university using a quantitative instrument to measure three of the most commonly cited predictors: access to entrepreneurial role models; urgency of entrepreneurial intent; and desire for economic autonomy. The paper reports also on qualitative interviews with those identified as most and least likely to become entrepreneurs by the measure. Results suggest that the measure is effective and that there is variation between those most and least likely to become entrepreneurs and commonalities amongst those most likely to become entrepreneurs. Of the three predictors 'desire for economic autonomy' is most influential, but the generation of this 'desire' involves various internal and external influences. Findings are of interest to educators insofar as they might identify the stage of entrepreneurial development of students and develop appropriate pedagogic responses. It has implications also for policy aimed at encouraging entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurship support

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INDUSTRIALIZED AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES: THE CASE OF VERTICAL COORDINATION IN BROILERS AND HOGS

This paper examines the relationship between industrialized production in the pork and broiler industries and the natural environment. Historical perspectives are presented regarding the movement toward increasingly concentrated and coordinated pork and broiler production units in the South. The relationships between animal by-product management and environmental quality, both at the farm level and within a geographic region, are addressed. Using the North Carolina pork industry as a background, current regulations and potential policy implications to protect environmental quality are discussed.Industrialized agriculture, Sustainability, Vertical coordination, Environmental Economics and Policy, Livestock Production/Industries,

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INDUSTRIALIZED AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES: THE CASE OF VERTICAL COORDINATION IN BROILERS AND HOGS

This paper examines the relationship between industrialized production in the pork and broiler industries and the natural environment. Historical perspectives are presented regarding the movement toward increasingly concentrated and coordinated pork and broiler production units in the South. The relationships between animal byproduct management and environmental quality, both at the farm level and within a geographic region, are addressed. Using the North Carolina pork industry as a background, current regulations and potential policy implications to protect environmental quality are discussed.Environmental Economics and Policy, Livestock Production/Industries,

Irish medical student culture and the performance of masculinity, c.1880-1930

In recent years, there have been valuable studies of medical education that have highlighted the importance of shared educational activities and the changing image of the student. Less attention has been paid to how masculine ideals were passed on to students and how educational and extra-curricular spheres became sites for the maintenance of hegemonic masculinity. Taking Irish medical schools as a case study and drawing on the student press, doctors’ memoirs and novels, this article will illustrate how rites of passage in medical education and social activities such as pranks and rugby became imbued with masculine tropes. In this way, the transformation of student to practitioner was often symbolised as the transformation of boy to man. The cultivation of the image of the medical student as a predominantly male individual became an important force in segregating men and women students and helped to preserve Irish medicine as a largely masculine sphere

Suffering in Silence: The unmet needs of d/Deaf prisoners

For many, deafness is seen as simply being an inability to hear; a misfortunate affliction making ‘normal’ life difficult.1 However, in reality defining d/Deafness is much more complex than this, with medical conceptions of deafness differing significantly from those which are cultural. Medical definitions look at deafness as an impairment, measuring the level of such impairment on a spectrum according to the quietest sound that an individual is able to hear.2 The extent to which a person is medically deaf varies significantly from those whose hearing is only slightly impaired, to individuals who are hard of hearing (HoH), and finally to those who are severely deaf. For the purposes of this article, HoH refers to individuals with mild to moderate hearing loss who may have difficulty following speech without the use of hearing aids, and severely deaf includes those who have little or no functional hearing, who usually need to rely on lip reading even with hearing aids.

'She has broken down the barrier of bigotry and exclusiveness and forced her way into the profession' : Irish women in medicine, c.1880s-1920s

This chapter explores the history of the first generation of women medical graduates in Ireland and draws comparisons between the history of women in the medical profession in Ireland with the Russian case. Despite the significantly different social and cultural settings, there are similarities between attitudes towards the admission of women to medical schools in both countries. Focusing on the Irish case, this chapter suggests that there, women were largely supported in their quest to gain admission to Irish institutions, and appear to have been treated in an egalitarian manner with regard to their educational experiences. As in Russia, early women students were provided with separate teaching facilities in some instances. The chapter concludes with discussion of the careers that the first generation of Irish female doctors pursued, suggesting that they found a niche in the field of general practice

Debates on family planning and the contraceptive pill in the Irish magazine Woman's Way, 1963-1973

This article explores discussions of family planning and the contraceptive pill in the popular Irish women’s magazine Woman’s Way between 1963 and 1973. Contraception was criminalised in Ireland in 1935 and literature relating to birth control was banned under the 1929 Censorship of Publications Act. The contraceptive pill was marketed as a cycle regulator from 1963 until legalization in 1979. This article outlines how women accessed the contraceptive pill, the geographical and class inequalities around this access and how Woman’s Way was an important vehicle for debates around the pill. The article assesses what discussions of the contraceptive pill can tell us about marriage dynamics, the role of sympathetic doctors, the power of the Catholic Church. Ultimately, it illustrates how the magazine was an important source of information on family planning for Irish women and how it also enabled women to air their views on the issue

The contraceptive pill in Ireland c.1964-79 : activism, women and patient-doctor relationships

The twentieth-century history of men and women’s attempts to gain access to reproductive health services in the Republic of Ireland has been significantly shaped by Ireland’s social and religious context. Although contraception was illegal in Ireland from 1935 to 1979, declining birth rates in this period suggest that many Irish men and women were practising fertility control measures. From the mid-1960s, the contraceptive pill was marketed in Ireland as a ‘cycle regulator’. In order to obtain a prescription for the pill, Irish women would therefore complain to their doctors that they had heavy periods or irregular cycles. However, doing so could mean going against one’s faith, and also depended on finding a sympathetic doctor. The contraceptive pill was heavily prescribed in Ireland during the 1960s and 1970s as it was the only contraceptive available legally, albeit prescribed through ‘coded language’; in 1974, it was estimated that approximately 38,000 Irish women were taking the pill each month. The pill was critiqued by men and women on both sides of the debate over the legalisation of contraception. Anti-contraception activists argued that the contraceptive pill was an abortifacient, while both anti-contraception activists and feminist campaigners alike drew attention to its perceived health risks. As well as outlining these discussions, the paper also illustrates the importance of medical authority in the era prior to legalisation, and the significance of doctors’ voices in relation to debates around the contraceptive pill, However, in spite of medical authority, it is clear that Irish women exercised significant agency in gaining access to the pill

Three Essays on the Behavioral, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Determinants of Mortality: Evidence From the United Kingdom and International Comparisons

This dissertation contains three chapters covering the impact of behavioral, socioeconomic, and geographic determinants of health and mortality in high-income populations, with particular emphasis on the abnormally high mortality in Scotland, and the relative advantages of indirect and direct analyses in estimating national mortality. Chapter one identifies behavioral risk factors underlying mortality variation across small-areas in Great Britain, using the indirect estimation method of factor analysis on aggregate cause-of-death information from 1981-2009. Chapter two uses two indirect analytic methods to estimate the contribution of smoking to Scotland’s high mortality and low sex differences in life expectancy relative to other high-income populations from 1951-2009. Chapter three performs survival analysis on first and second generation migrants using a national longitudinal study in England and Wales from 1971-2013 to quantify mortality variation by migrant status and the relative impact of socioeconomic status. The findings highlight the importance of health behaviors on aggregate mortality inequality, support the methodological advantages of indirect estimation of behavioral-attributable mortality, and exposes the importance of subgroup variation within national mortality estimates