25 research outputs found

    Physicomechanical Behavior of High-Performance Concrete Reinforced with Recycled Steel Fibers from Twisted Cables in the Brittle State—Experimentation and Statistics

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    This research studied the effect of recycled steel fibers extracted from twisted cable waste on the fresh and hardened states of high-performance concretes. Accordingly, slump, water absorption (WA), compressive strength (CS), flexural strength (FS), and split tensile strength (STS) were measured in the laboratory using mixtures generated by the response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM-based central composite design (CCD) was used to assess the influence of water-to-binder (W/B) ratios from 0.27 to 0.31, length-to-diameter (L/d = 46 to 80) and steel fiber content (SFC) in the range of 19 to 29 kg/m3 on the behavior of high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (HPFRC). The accuracy and validation of the generated models were evaluated by employing analysis of variance (ANOVA) and optimal parameters. The experimental findings revealed that the use of an L/d ratio of 63, a W/B ratio of approximately 0.28, and an SFC of around 22 kg/m3 resulted in high workability in terms of slump. While a notable increase in compressive strength was observed when employing an L/d ratio of approximately 70, a W/B ratio of around 0.28, and the maximum SFC of 29 kg/m3, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis

    Dry bean volatile organic compounds mediating host choice in Acanthoscelides obtectus

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    International audienceTwo-choice tests were conducted on five bean cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and one of Vigna unguiculata (Walp.) to evaluate the attractiveness for mated males and females of a worldwide granary pest, Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. Attraction behaviour was studied under choice conditions in a static air and dynamic airflow olfactometer on red, white and cowpea cultivars against control beans. Behavioural differences between males and females were recorded. In the static atmosphere test, males were more attracted than females to dry beans, especially red and white cultivars; whereas cowpea beans attracted fewer females. Yellow and brown beans were attractive to males but were not significantly different from control beans. A dynamic air olfactometer experiment gave different results. The best responsiveness of females was when stimulated by red and control cultivar beans. They were not attracted by cowpea beans. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), released from red, cowpea and control beans, were tentatively identified from solid phase microextraction (SPME) collections and headspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HS-GCMS). Analysis revealed a presence of 33 and 32 VOCs respectively in control and cowpea beans and 29 in red beans. VOC blends, released by studied cultivars, were mainly composed of terpenic compounds with a specific ratio for each cultivar. A comparison of linalool/limonene ratios for each cultivar suggests emission of specific chemical signals in control and red beans, whereas in cowpea beans the ratio of linalool and limonene was reversed and associated with a high level of pentanal. Qualitative and quantitative differences in the blend composition of red, cowpea and control beans may explain the choice behaviour of the bruchid, which is discussed in a biological and behavioural context.Des tests de choix sont conduits sur les graines de 5 cultivars de Phaseolus vulgaris L. et d’un cultivar de Vigna unguiculata (Walp.) afin d’évaluer leur attractivitĂ© vis-Ă -vis des mĂąles et des femelles gravides de la bruche du haricot, Acanthoscelides obtectus Say, un ravageur important des graines stockĂ©es. L’attractivitĂ© des cinq cultivars de graines a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e dans des boites de PĂ©tri (air statique). Trois cultivars rouge, blanc et le niĂ©bĂ© sont testĂ©s dans un olfactomĂštre Ă  quatre voies (air dynamique). Des diffĂ©rences de comportement entre les mĂąles et les femelles ont Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©es, ainsi que des diffĂ©rences de rĂ©ponses suivant les types de tests. Les mĂąles sont plus attirĂ©s que les femelles dans les tests en atmosphĂšre statique, surtout par les cultivars rouge et blanc, alors que les graines de niĂ©bĂ© se sont montrĂ© moins attractives pour les femelles. L’olfactomĂ©trie en air dynamique produit des rĂ©sultats diffĂ©rents avec une bonne rĂ©ponse des femelles stimulĂ©es par les graines des cultivars, rouge et contrĂŽle. Le niĂ©bĂ© n’est pas du tout attractif pour ces derniĂšres. Les composĂ©s organiques volatils (COVs) Ă©mis par le cultivar attractif rouge, le niĂ©bĂ© ainsi que le tĂ©moin ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s par HS-GCMS et l’analyse a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© la prĂ©sence de 33 et 32 composĂ©s volatils chez les graines du tĂ©moin et du niĂ©bĂ© contre 29 chez le cultivar rouge. Les mĂ©langes de COVs Ă©mis par les trois cultivars sont principalement constituĂ©s par des composĂ©s terpĂ©niques avec des ratios spĂ©cifiques pour chaque cultivar. La comparaison du ratio linalool-limonene pour les trois cultivars suggĂšre l’émission d’un signal chimique spĂ©cifique. Les graines de niĂ©bĂ© Ă©mettent une faible quantitĂ© de linalool alors qu’il est majoritaire chez les cultivars, rouge et tĂ©moin. Les graines de niĂ©bĂ© sont aussi caractĂ©risĂ©es par la prĂ©sence de pentanal comme composĂ© principal, qui est absent chez le cultivar rouge et prĂ©sent en petites quantitĂ©s chez le tĂ©moin. Ces diffĂ©rences qualitatives et quantitatives de la composition des COVs pourraient expliquer le comportement de choix de la bruche du haricot qui est discutĂ© dans un contexte biologique et comportemental
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