28 research outputs found
The ever-expanding conundrum of primary osteoporosis: aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
The James Webb Space Telescope Mission
Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies,
expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling
for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least .
With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000
people realized that vision as the James Webb Space Telescope. A
generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of
the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the
scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000
team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image
quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief
history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing
program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite
detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space
Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure
Just how involved is âinvolvedâ? Re-thinking parental involvement through exploring teachersâ perceptions of immigrant familiesâ school involvement in Cyprus
Investigation of changes in compressed moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) after hot-press molding
New Venture Internationalization from an Emergent Market: Unexpected Findings from Russia
Rosiglitazone but Not Metformin Enhances Insulin- and Exercise-Stimulated Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
Overlapping and distinct pRb pathways in the mammalian auditory and vestibular organs
Retinoblastoma gene (Rb1) is required for proper cell cycle exit in the developing mouse inner ear and its deletion in the embryo leads to proliferation of sensory progenitor cells that differentiate into hair cells and supporting cells. In a conditional hair cell Rb1 knockout mouse, Pou4f3-Cre-pRbâ˘/â˘, pRbâ˘/⢠utricular hair cells differentiate and survive into adulthood whereas differentiation and survival of pRbâ˘/⢠cochlear hair cells are impaired. To comprehensively survey the pRb pathway in the mammalian inner ear, we performed microarray analysis of pRbâ˘/⢠cochlea and utricle. The comparative analysis shows that the core pathway shared between pRbâ˘/⢠cochlea and utricle is centered on e2F, the key pathway that mediates pRb function. A majority of differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways are not shared but uniquely associated with pRbâ˘/⢠cochlea or utricle. In pRbâ˘/⢠cochlea, pathways involved in early inner ear development such as Wnt/β-catenin and Notch were enriched, whereas pathways involved in proliferation and survival are enriched in pRbâ˘/⢠utricle. Clustering analysis showed that the pRbâ˘/⢠inner ear has characteristics of a younger control inner ear, an indication of delayed differentiation. We created a transgenic mouse model (ER-Cre-pRbflox/flox) in which Rb1 can be acutely deleted postnatally. Acute Rb1 deletion in the adult mouse fails to induce proliferation or cell death in inner ear, strongly indicating that Rb1 loss in these postmitotic tissues can be effectively compensated for, or that pRb-mediated changes in the postmitotic compartment result in events that are functionally irreversible once enacted. This study thus supports the concept that pRb-regulated pathways relevant to hair cell development, encompassing proliferation, differentiation and survival, act predominantly during early development