40 research outputs found

    The Sge1 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a membrane-associated multidrug transporter

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    In this study, we report the further characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae crystal violet-resistance protein Sge1. Sge1 is a highly hydrophobic 59 kDa protein with 14 predicted membrane-spanning domains. It shares homologies with several drug-resistance proteins and sugar transporters of the major facilitator superfamily. Here, we have demonstrated that Sge1 is not only a crystal violet-resistance protein, but that it also confers resistance to ethidium bromide and methylmethane sulfonate. Disruption of SGE1 leads to increased sensitivity towards all three compounds, thus designating Sge1 as a multiple drug-resistance protein. Subcellular fractionation as well as immunolocalization on whole yeast cells demonstrated that Sge1 was tightly associated with the yeast plasma membrane. Furthermore, Sge1 was highly enriched in preparations of yeast plasma membranes. In analogy to other multidrug-resistance proteins, we suggest that Sge1 functions as a drug export permease

    Transcriptional Response of Yeast to Aflatoxin B(1): Recombinational Repair Involving RAD51 and RAD1

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    The potent carcinogen aflatoxin B(1) is a weak mutagen but a strong recombinagen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Aflatoxin B(1) exposure greatly increases frequencies of both heteroallelic recombination and chromosomal translocations. We analyzed the gene expression pattern of diploid cells exposed to aflatoxin B(1) using high-density oligonucleotide arrays comprising specific probes for all 6218 open reading frames. Among 183 responsive genes, 46 are involved in either DNA repair or in control of cell growth and division. Inducible growth control genes include those in the TOR signaling pathway and SPO12, whereas PKC1 is downregulated. Eleven of the 15 inducible DNA repair genes, including RAD51, participate in recombination. Survival and translocation frequencies are reduced in the rad51 diploid after aflatoxin B(1) exposure. In mec1 checkpoint mutants, aflatoxin B(1) exposure does not induce RAD51 expression or increase translocation frequencies; however, when RAD51 is constitutively overexpressed in the mec1 mutant, aflatoxin B(1) exposure increased translocation frequencies. Thus the transcriptional profile after aflatoxin B(1) exposure may elucidate the genotoxic properties of aflatoxin B(1)

    Measurement of pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles in proton-proton collisions <tex>\sqrt{s}$</tex>=8 TeV by the CMS and TOTEM experiments

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    Search for supersymmetry with razor variables in pp collisions at <tex>\sqrt{s}$</tex> = 7 TeV

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    Search for monotop signatures in proton-proton collisions <tex>\sqrt{s}=$</tex>8 TeV

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    Search for long-lived particles that decay into final states containing two electrons or two muons in proton-proton collisions <tex>\sqrt{s}=$</tex> 8Tev

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    Search for new resonances decaying via WZ to leptons in proton-proton collisions <tex>\sqrt{s}=$</tex>8 TeV

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    Search for pair production of third-generation scalar leptoquarks and top squarks in proton-proton collisions at <tex>\sqrt{s}$</tex> = 8 TeV

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    Measurement of top quark-antiquark pair production in association with a W or Z boson in pp collisions <tex>\sqrt{s}$</tex> =8 TeV

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