Ultra low power wide range four quadrant analog multiplier

A novel four quadrant FGMOS analog multiplier having properties such as low voltage-low power and wide input linearity range is presented. Power consumption of the proposed multiplier is 26.2 nW and the input swing is rail-to-rail which is obtained by choosing the ratio of input capacitances to total capacitance of FGMOS transistors resulting a reduction in the transconductance. Other important features of the proposed multiplier are the bandwidth of 52.5 MHz and maximum THD of 2.04% (when the input voltages are at supply voltage level)

A New FGMOS FDCCII and Filter Applications

In this work, a new floating gate MOS (FGMOS) fully differential difference current conveyor (FDCCII) is presented. Employing FGMOS transistors two important advantages are introduced compared to conventional CMOS structure; firstly the input stage of the circuit providing the arithmetic calculations gets simpler, secondly the linearity range increases due to the properties of FGMOS differential amplifier. Furthermore, the versatility of the proposed FGMOS FDCCII is demonstrated on a filter circuit example. Both the FGMOS FDCCII circuit and proposed filter circuit are simulated with SPICE simulation program by using 0.35 mu m technology parameters. Simulation results show that the proposed building block can be used for the design of filters with high linearly properties

Square root circuit using FGMOS translinear principle

A novel square root circuit using floating gate MOS (FGMOS) transistors operating in the saturation region is presented. FGMOS transistors are being utilized in a number of new and exciting analog applications. These devices are available in standard CMOS technology because they are being widely used in digital circuits. FGMOS structures are also known as multi-input MOS and their multi input advantages make it simpler to realize an arithmetic signal processing circuit. Thus floating gate devices are now finding wider applications by analog researchers. The FGMOS drain current is proportional to the square of the weighted sum of the input signals. This square law characteristic of the FGMOS transistor is used to implement the quarter square identity by utilizing only four FGMOS transistors in proposed square-root circuit. The main feature of this remarkably simple square root circuit is to reduce the errors generated by the second order effects in the current mode circuits employing translinear loop

A New FGMOS UCCII and SIMO Type Universal Filter Application

A new floating gate MOS (FGMOS) universal current conveyor (UCCII) is proposed to have the properties of simplifier circuit topology, simpler signal processing and wider input swing. Since the FGMOS transistors are used in the proposed UCCII circuit, the number of transistors is reduced and the topology of the circuit is simplified because it is easier to get arithmetic operations in circuits by using FGMOS transistors when compared to conventional MOS transistors. At the same time, using FGMOS differential amplifier structure in the input stage of the IGMOS UCCII circuit increased the input signal swing resulting both an increase in the linearity of the circuit and an improvement in the voltage following properties. A single input multi output (SIMO) type universal filter application is given to show the versatility of the UCCII block. Both the proposed FGMOS UCCII circuit and filter circuit are simulated with SPICE program by using 0.35 mu m technology parameters. When the simulation results are analyzed it is seen that that the FGMOS UCCII circuit reached the expected improvements according to the MOS equivalent circuit and expected to be used in linearly tunable filters

In vivo assessment of antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) in alloxan-diabetic rabbits

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), used in traditional Turkish folk medicine for the treatment of hyperglycaemia, is widely accepted as one of the medicinal herb with the highest antioxidant activity. Accordingly, the present study was designed to investigate the possible actions of ethanolic extract of the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis on glucose homeostasis and antioxidant defense in rabbits. In the first set of experiments, hypoglycaemic effects of oral administration of various doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) of the extract were examined in normoglycaemic and glucose-hyperglycaemic rabbits. Optimal effect was observed in both of the animal groups with a dose of 200 mg/kg of the extract and this activity was independent from the effects of insulin. In another part of experiments, acute effect of various doses of the Rosmarinus officinalis extract on blood glucose and serum insulin levels was studied in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. Of the three doses of extract, the highest dose (200 mg/kg) significantly lowered blood glucose level and increased serum insulin concentration in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. The last set of experiments designed to investigate the subacute effect of the Rosmarinus officinalis extract on repeated administration in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. At the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, antihyperglycaemic effect of extract was accompanied by a significant increase in serum insulin levels in diabetic rabbits. Furthermore, during 1 week of treatment of diabetic rabbits with a dose of 200 mg/kg of the extract showed that the extract possessed a capability to inhibit the lipid peroxidation and activate the antioxidant enzymes. It was concluded that probably, due to its potent antioxidant properties, the Rosmarinus officinalis extract exerts remarkable antidiabetogenic effect. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved