Shows the lifestyle and prison related characteristics of prisoners with respiratory infection by smoking status in Tigray region in 2013/2014, northern Ethiopia (n = 738).

<p>Shows the lifestyle and prison related characteristics of prisoners with respiratory infection by smoking status in Tigray region in 2013/2014, northern Ethiopia (n = 738).</p

Burden and Determinants of Smoking among Prisoners with Respiratory Tract Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study of Nine Major Prison Setups in Northern Ethiopia

<div><p>Background</p><p>Morbidity, mortality and a wide range of associated risk factors are disproportionately clustered among prisoners compared to the general population. Smoking is one of the risk factors for the increased burden of unfavorable health outcomes particularly among prisoners. However, little is known about the level and determinants of smoking among the incarcerated population in Ethiopia.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We collected data from 738 prisoners in nine major prison setups in Tigray region by nurses and clinical officers. Data were entered in to Epi Data 3.1 and exported to stata 13.0 for cleaning and further analysis. Multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify determinants of smoking at p value of less than 5%.</p><p>Result</p><p>The prevalence of smoking was 21 per cent (95%CI = 18.2%, 24.1). Urban residence (AOR = 2.15; 95%CI = 1.20, 3.84), previous history of incarceration (AOR = 1.91; 95%CI = 1.08, 3.40) and alcohol use before incarcerated (AOR = 4.20; 95%CI = 2.57, 6.87) were significantly associated with risk of smoking. In contrast, risk of smoking was significantly lower for farmers (AOR = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.08, 0.49), prisoners with family support (AOR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.32, 0.87) and for those who were jailed in Shire prison site (AOR = 0.43; 95%CI = 0.20, 0.95).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our work clearly indicates that the observed smoking prevalence calls for the need of comprehensive and interdisciplinary interventions targeting prisoners.</p></div

Determinants of smoking among adult prisoners with respiratory infection in Tigray region in 2013/2014, Ethiopia (n = 738).

<p>Determinants of smoking among adult prisoners with respiratory infection in Tigray region in 2013/2014, Ethiopia (n = 738).</p

Shows the total number of participant prisoners with the percentage of smoking by prison site in Tigray region in 2013/2014, Ethiopia.

<p>Shows the total number of participant prisoners with the percentage of smoking by prison site in Tigray region in 2013/2014, Ethiopia.</p

A forest plot of the adjusted effect of each fitted covariate on risk of smoking, estimated by odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, using multivariable binary logistic regression model.

<p>A forest plot of the adjusted effect of each fitted covariate on risk of smoking, estimated by odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, using multivariable binary logistic regression model.</p

Socio-demographic characteristics of prisoners with respiratory infection by smoking status in Tigray region in 2013/2014, northern Ethiopia (n = 738).

<p>Socio-demographic characteristics of prisoners with respiratory infection by smoking status in Tigray region in 2013/2014, northern Ethiopia (n = 738).</p

Factors related to the level of knowledge about tuberculosis among northern Ethiopian prisoners in the bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis (N = 615).

<p>Factors related to the level of knowledge about tuberculosis among northern Ethiopian prisoners in the bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis (N = 615).</p

Multivariate logistic regression model showing risk factors associated with undiagnosed TB among the presumptive TB cases Northern Ethiopian prisons (n = 809).

<p>Multivariate logistic regression model showing risk factors associated with undiagnosed TB among the presumptive TB cases Northern Ethiopian prisons (n = 809).</p

The distribution of undiagnosed TB among presumptive TB cases by prison sites in Northern Ethiopia as analyzed by the binary logistic regression (n = 809).

<p>The distribution of undiagnosed TB among presumptive TB cases by prison sites in Northern Ethiopia as analyzed by the binary logistic regression (n = 809).</p

The association of clinical characteristics of presumptive TB cases with undiagnosed TB outcome in Northern Ethiopian prisons by bivariate analysis in the binary logistic regression (n = 809).

<p>The association of clinical characteristics of presumptive TB cases with undiagnosed TB outcome in Northern Ethiopian prisons by bivariate analysis in the binary logistic regression (n = 809).</p