Climate changes reconstructed from a glacial lake in High Central Asiaover the past two millennia

Climatic changes in Arid Central Asia (ACA) over the past two millennia have been widely concerned. However, less attention has been paid to those in the High Central Asia (HCA), where the Asian water tower nurtures the numerous oases by glacier and/or snow melt. Here, we present a new reconstruction of the temperature and precipitation change over the past two millennia based on grain size of a well-dated glacial lake sediment core in the central of southern Tianshan Mountains. The results show that the glacial lake catchment has experienced cold-wet climate conditions during the Dark Age Cold Period (&sim;300&ndash;600 AD; DACP) and the Little Ice Age (&sim;1300&ndash;1870 AD; LIA), whereas warm-dry conditions during the Medieval Warm Period (&sim;700&ndash;1270 AD; MWP). Integration of our results with those of previously published lake sediment records, stalagmite &delta;18O records, ice core net accumulation rates, tree-ring based temperature reconstructions, and mountain glacier activities suggest that there has a broadly similar hydroclimatic pattern over the HCA areas on centennial time scale during the past two millennia. Comparison between hydroclimatic pattern of the HCA and that of the ACA areas suggests a prevailing &#39;warm-dry and cold-wet&#39; hydroclimatic pattern over the whole westerlies-dominated central Asia areas during the past two millennia. We argue that the position and intensity of the westerlies, which are closely related to the phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the strength of the Siberian High pressure (SH), could have jointly modulated the late Holocene central Asia hydroclimatic changes.<br /

Le lobe pulmonaire azygos: description anatomique d’un cas et revue de la litterature

Le lobe pulmonaire azygos est un lobe surnuméraire dont l’apparition est due à une anomalie dans le développement de la veine azygos qui cravate anormalement le lobe supérieur du poumon droit. C’est une anomalie rare du poumon sans conséquence pathologique sur la fonction respiratoire. Les auteurs rapportent un cas de lobe pulmonaire azygos découvert de façon fortuite chez un homme de 69 ans souffrant d’un cancer broncho-pulmonaire. Après une brève revue de la littérature, ils en soulignent les différents aspects morphologiques et les implications pathologiques.Mots clés: Lobe azygos, veine azygosEnglish AbstractAzygos pulmonary lobe is a summery lobe which appearance is due to an anomaly in the development of azygos vein that abnormally extends to the upper lobe of the right lung. It is a rare anomaly of the lung without pathological consequence on the breathing function. Authors report a case of azygos pulmonary lobe discovered by chance from a man of 69 years suffering from a bronchopulmonary cancer. After a brief literature review, they point out the different morphologic aspects and pathologic implications.Keywords: Azygos lobe, Azygos vei