Additional file 1 of Motoneurons innervation determines the distinct gene expressions in multinucleated myofibers

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Difference of nucleus between SR and NSR at NMJs. A. Whole-mount staining of diaphragm muscles from 2-month-old C57BL/6J mice. Note that several nuclei are enriched at R-BTX-labeled synaptic sites (indicated with dotted lines). Up, diaphragm muscles. Down, a single muscle fiber. B. Quantification of number of nucleus in the synaptic region (SR) or the non-synaptic region (NSR) in A. n =16 myofibers. Results were from three mice. C. Representative images of isolated SR and NSR from soleus muscles. Red, R-BTX. D. Immunoblot showing the expression of Tom20 and H3K4me2 in SR and NSR of diaphragm muscles. E. Immunoblot showing the expression of Tom20 and Kdm1a in SR and NSR of diaphragm muscles during development. F. ATP levels in SR and NSR of diaphragm muscles. Unless otherwise specified, three independent experiments were performed; the mean ± SEM is shown. t-test in B, and E, *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001

Detection of genetic variation in bovine <i>CRY1</i> gene and its associations with carcass traits

The biological clock (also known as circadian clock) is closely related to growth and development, metabolism, and diseases in animals. As a part of the circadian clock, the cryptochrome circadian regulator 1 (CRY1) gene is involved in the regulation of biological processes such as osteogenesis, energy metabolism and cell proliferation, however, few studies have been reported on the relationship between this gene and animal carcass traits. Herein, a total of four insertion/deletion (InDel) loci within the CRY1 gene were detected in Shandong Black Cattle Genetic Resource (SDBCGR) population (n = 433). Among them, the P1-6-bp-del locus was polymorphic in population of interest. Moreover, the P1-6-bp-del locus showed two genotypes, with a higher insertion/insertion (II) genotype frequency (0.751) than insertion/deletion (ID) genotype frequency (0.249). Correlation analysis showed that the P1-6-bp-del locus polymorphisms were significantly associated with twenty carcass traits (e.g., slaughter weight, limb weight, and belly meat weight). Individuals with II genotype were significantly better than those with ID genotype for eighteen carcass traits. Therefore, the P1-6-bp-del locus of the CRY1 gene can be used as a molecular marker for beef cattle breeding.</p

Multiple charge separation pathways in photosystem II: modeling of transient absorption kinetics.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The effects of pretreatment conditions on the enzymatic hydrolysis of the untreated (dashed line) and pretreated RS. The experimental groups were A: 0.04 M FeCl3/0.04 M FeCl2/3 M H2O2; B: 0.03 M FeCl3/0.03 M FeCl2/2.25 M H2O2; C: 0.02 M FeCl3/0.02 M FeCl2/1.5 M H2O2; D: 0.01 M FeCl3/0.01 M FeCl2/0.75 M H2O2

Assembly of Aptamer Switch Probes and Photosensitizer on Gold Nanorods for Targeted Photothermal and Photodynamic Cancer Therapy

An aptamer switch probe (ASP) linking chlorin e6 (Ce6), a photosensitizer molecule, to the surface of gold nanorods (AuNRs) was used to target cancer cells for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). In the presence of target cancer cells, the ASP changes conformation to drive Ce6 away from the gold surface, thereby producing singlet oxygen for PDT upon light irradiation. Since each AuNR is modified with many ASP-Ce6 molecules, the AuNR-ASP-Ce6 conjugate yields enhanced binding and therapeutic effect by the added ability to carry many photosensitizers. In addition, absorption of radiation by the gold nanorods enables further cell destruction by the photothermal effect. Consequently, this multimodal AuNR-ASP-Ce6 conjugate offers a remarkably improved and synergistic therapeutic effect compared to PTT or PDT alone, providing high specificity and therapeutic efficiency, which can be generalized to other types of cancer therapies