Good Governance and Providing the Necessary Internal Context for the Realization of the Right to Development

The right to development means enabling the participation of every human in the process of economic, social, cultural and political development of society and enjoying its benefits and as a result guaranteeing of his human rights in development process. The guaranteeing of this right require laying the groundwork for its implementation at the internal level of every states and removing obstacles at this level. Therefore, the effort to find the right solution in this field has been a major part in efforts to adopting national and international programs related to the establishment of human rights based approach in development, which considered as the main goal in the right to development. This research is a descriptive-analytical method based on library resources and analysis of international documents, seeks to answer the question of what internal approach is needed to achieve the right to development?The result confirms that the removal of obstacles to the human rights based approach in development depends on the adoption of a good governance strategy and efforts to implement its pillars in any society. The hallmarks of this governance, namely, the rule of law, transparency, the fight against corruption and public participation, are tools that can be used to overcome a large number of internal obstacles to the human rights based approach in development, the obstacles such as discrimination, corruption, lack of a platform for public participation in the development process, the lack of capacity for effective participation of groups such as women and minorities in the development process

Oncogenic human papillomavirus genital infection in southern Iranian women: population-based study versus clinic-based data

Epidemiological studies on genital human papilloma viruses infection (HPVs) in general population are crucial for the implementation of health policy guidelines for developing the strategies to prevent the primary and secondary cervical cancer. In different parts of Iran, there is a lack of population-based studies to determine the prevalence of HPV in the general population. The aim of this population-based study is to compare the prevalence rate of genital HPV infection among reproductive women with our previous clinic-based data, which showed a prevalence rate of 5% in women in southern Iran. Results: Using general primers for all genotypes of HPV, of 799 randomly selected women, five (0.63%, 95% CI 0.23-1.55%) tested positive for HPV DNA. Overall, seven different HPV genotypes were detected: six types (16, 18, 31, 33, 51 and 56) were carcinogenic, or “high risk genotypes” and one genotype (HPV-66) was “probably carcinogenic.” Conclusions: In a population-based study, the prevalence of HPV infection among southern Iranian women was lower than that observed worldwide. However, our gynaecological clinic-based study on the prevalence of HPV infection showed results comparable with other studies in the Middle East and Persian Gulf countries. Since gynaecological clinic-based data may generally overestimate HPV prevalence, estimates of prevalence according to clinic-based data should be adjusted downward by the population-based survey estimates

Employment of Internal Self-determination as an Effective Solution on the Way to Fight against Corruption and Realization of the Right to Development

Corruption must be considered as One of Most Important Obstacles for Realization of Some Aspect of the Human Rights in the Modern Societies, Especially Right to Development. Concentration of Public Power and Wealth in Hand of a Few People, lack of accountable in Front of Public and Lack of Transparency in Activities of Governors are between Most Important Roots of Corruption. So, Prevention of such a Concentration, Ability to Interpellation of Governors by Citizens and Transparency in activities of These People could Have Very Positive Effect on Fight against Corruption. But Providing the Mentioned Situations Rely Heavily on Realization of Public Participation in Political, Social, Economic and Cultural Affairs of Their Society and Its Tools such as Right to Elect and to be Elected, Powerful Civil Society and Free Access to Information. However, Public Participation is an Ultimate Goal of Internal Self-determination, Which Means Ability of Every Person to Participate in Decision Making in Political, Social, Economic and Cultural Affairs of his/her Society. Therefore, Internal Self-determination Became an Effective Approach for Fight against Corruption and Elimination of Its Substances and as a Result, as a Facilitator for access to Human Rights, Especially Right to Developmen

Oncogenic human papillomavirus genital infection in southern Iranian women: population-based study versus clinic-based data

Abstract Background Epidemiological studies on genital human papilloma viruses infection (HPVs) in general population are crucial for the implementation of health policy guidelines for developing the strategies to prevent the primary and secondary cervical cancer. In different parts of Iran, there is a lack of population-based studies to determine the prevalence of HPV in the general population. The aim of this population-based study is to compare the prevalence rate of genital HPV infection among reproductive women with our previous clinic-based data, which showed a prevalence rate of 5% in women in southern Iran. Results Using general primers for all genotypes of HPV, of 799 randomly selected women, five (0.63%, 95% CI 0.23-1.55%) tested positive for HPV DNA. Overall, seven different HPV genotypes were detected: six types (16, 18, 31, 33, 51 and 56) were carcinogenic, or “high risk genotypes” and one genotype (HPV-66) was “probably carcinogenic.” Conclusions In a population-based study, the prevalence of HPV infection among southern Iranian women was lower than that observed worldwide. However, our gynaecological clinic-based study on the prevalence of HPV infection showed results comparable with other studies in the Middle East and Persian Gulf countries. Since gynaecological clinic-based data may generally overestimate HPV prevalence, estimates of prevalence according to clinic-based data should be adjusted downward by the population-based survey estimates.</p