Boiling of Immiscible Mixtures for Cooling of Electronics

To satisfy the requirements for the cooling of small and large semiconductors operated at high heat flux density, an innovative cooling method using boiling heat transfer to immiscible liquid mixtures is proposed. Immiscible liquid mixtures discussed here are composed of more-volatile liquid with higher density and less-volatile liquid with lower density, and appropriate volumetric ratios become a key to realize high-performance cooling. The chapter reviews the experimental results obtained by the present authors, where critical heat flux accompanied by the catastrophic surface temperature excursion is increased up to 300 W/cm2 for FC72/water by using a flat heating surface of 40 mm in diameter facing upwards under the pressure 0.1 MPa

Mechanical properties of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing resin composites assuming perfect silane coupling using in silico homogenization of cryo-electron microscopy images

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin composites for dental restoration assuming perfect silane coupling by in silico homogenization analysis using a three-dimensional model constructed from cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) images. Methods: Three-dimensional dataset of a commercial CAD/CAM resin composite block (RCB) was obtained using EM with cryo-stage and focused ion beam at −130 °C. The region of inspection was 1.8 μm × 1.4 μm × 1.2 μm, and 213 slices were obtained from this region. Each slice was processed (noise reduction, threshold setting, and segmentation) using image processing software to design an in silico model. From the processed image slices, a bulk three-dimensional object and stereolithography model were reconstructed using voxel modeling software. To evaluate the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the CAD/CAM RCB, homogenization analysis was performed. Results: The generated voxel model included 37,276,216 voxels, 42,472,040 patches of the surface, 2,123,672 nodes, a volume of 165,748,899, and a surface area of 175,206,723. The mean of the elastic moduli along each axis was 10.71 ± 1.79 GPa. The mean of the Poisson's ratios of each plane was 0.23 ± 0.02. Conclusions: A CAD/CAM resin composite model was successfully reconstructed from cryo-EM images, suggesting that the established image processing method is useful for producing dental restorative materials containing nano-fillers and for predicting homogenized mechanical properties. The homogenized mechanical properties indicated that the mechanical properties of the CAD/CAM RCB assumed perfect silane coupling between the fillers and resin matrix.Lee C., Yamaguchi S., Ohta K., et al. Mechanical properties of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing resin composites assuming perfect silane coupling using in silico homogenization of cryo-electron microscopy images. Journal of Prosthodontic Research 63, 90 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpor.2018.09.001

肺サーファクタント蛋白Cの分子構造と生理学的機能の関係 : ブタおよび肺胞蛋白症患者由来の蛋白を用いた再構築物質による検討

取得学位 : 博士（医学）, 学位授与番号 : 医博甲第1426号，学位授与年月日：平成12年3月31日,学位授与年：200

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Stomach: A Case Study

Gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare and have a poor prognosis, and the diagnostic criteria for this disease have recently changed. We herein report a case of sporadic gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma. A 75-year-old man was referred to our hospital with epigastric pain. Endoscopic examination revealed a localized ulcerative lesion (diameter, 4 cm) at the upper stomach. The diagnosis on biopsy was neuroendocrine carcinoma. Total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy, splenectomy, and cholecystectomy was performed. Pathologically, the tumor infiltrated the subserosal layer, and 6/49 lymph nodes were involved. The tumor was uniform in shape and arranged in a rosette-like structure to form solid nests, with medium-sized, round-to-cuboid-shaped tumor cells and intense mitosis 46/10 HPF. It was positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin A, and the Ki-67 labeling index was 70–80%. The diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma was made according to the WHO 2010 criteria. The patient was followed up for three years without recurrence

Tracheal intubation by paramedics under limited indication criteria may improve the short-term outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests with noncardiac origin.

PURPOSE: It is not clear whether advanced airway management (AAM) with an endotracheal tube (ET) by paramedics may improve the outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) compared with the use of a bag-valve-mask device (BVMD) and other AAM devices. METHODS: We analyzed 2,586 adult cases of OHCA without administration of adrenaline, witnessed or recognized by citizens in subjects transported to hospital by paramedics between 1 July 2004 and 31 March 2008 in Ishikawa, Japan, to determine whether AAM with an ET used under limited indication criteria may improve the outcome of OHCA. RESULTS: The airway was managed with an ET in 263 cases, other AAM devices in 660 cases, and a BVMD in 1,539 cases. The AAM failed or was discontinued in 124 cases, which were excluded from the analysis. The incidence of sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was significantly higher in cases of AAM with an ET (30%) than in AAM with other devices (20.2%) and in the standard procedure with a BVMD (21.3%). The AAM with an ET did not significantly affect 1-year survival. Multiple regression analysis indicated that tracheal intubation (odds ratio = 1.503, 95% confidence interval 1.081-2078), but not patient management by paramedics qualified for ET use, was an independent factor associated with sustained ROSC. CONCLUSION: When subjects with difficult airway are excluded, tracheal intubation according to the limited indication criteria and well-organized protocol in Japan may improve the short-term outcome of OHCA of noncardiac origin. A large prospective study is needed to determine the general effects of tracheal intubation on the long-term outcome of OHCA with disturbed ventilation

The effects of new CPR guideline on attitude toward basic life support in Japan

Background: There is no study regarding the influence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guideline renewal on citizen\u27s attitude towards all basic life support (BLS) actions. Methods and results: We conducted a questionnaire survey to new driver licence applicants who participated in the BLS course at driving schools either before (January 2007 to April 2007) or after (October 2007 to April 2008) the revision of the textbook. Upon completion of the course, participants were given a questionnaire concerning willingness to participate in CPR, early emergency call, telephone-assisted chest compression and use of an automated external defibrillator (AED). After the revision, the proportions of positive respondents to use of AED as well as to all the four scenarios significantly increased from 2331/3564 to 3693/5156 (odds ratio (OR)=1.34) and from 1889/3443 to 3028/5126 (OR=1.18), respectively. However, the new guideline slightly but significantly augmented the unwillingness to make an early call (236/3568 vs. 416/5283, OR = 0.83). Approximately 95% of respondents were willing to follow the telephone-assisted instruction of chest compression, while approximately 85% were eager to perform CPR on their own initiative. Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed the results of mono-variate analysis, and identified previous CPR training, sex, rural area and student as other significant factors relating to attitude. Conclusions: Future guidelines should emphasise the significance and benefit of early call in relation to telephone-assisted instruction of CPR or chest compression. The course instructors should be aware of the backgrounds of participants as to how this may relate to their willingness to participate. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd

Non-Abelian Vortices on Cylinder -- Duality between vortices and walls

We investigate vortices on a cylinder in supersymmetric non-Abelian gauge theory with hypermultiplets in the fundamental representation. We identify moduli space of periodic vortices and find that a pair of wall-like objects appears as the vortex moduli is varied. Usual domain walls also can be obtained from the single vortex on the cylinder by introducing a twisted boundary condition. We can understand these phenomena as a T-duality among D-brane configurations in type II superstring theories. Using this T-duality picture, we find a one-to-one correspondence between the moduli space of non-Abelian vortices and that of kinky D-brane configurations for domain walls.Comment: 33 pages, 17 figures, v2: references added, typos corrected, the final version published in PR