Motown [RE]Vival: The Use of Culinary and Urban Farming to Revitalize the Dying City of Detroit

Motown: Detroit, Michigan, once known as the automotive capital of the world, received its claim to fame through the birth of the assembly line by Henry Ford in 1905. His innovation steered the big boom of the automotive industry in the early 20th century, and later the mass movement to the city. Sadly, that all came crashing down with the fall of the industrial period. The loss of nearly all its auto plants, postwar white flight and suburbanization caused the city to suffer economic turmoil. By 1980 the population had decreased 35% since its peak in 1950. Today? The city endures the loss of over 60% of its population. With lack of people and a scarcity of business, Detroit is also fighting food desertion with 69% of households being food insecure. The once bustling factories and auto plants now sit dormant with nearly 900 structures unused. What if we could change that and restore Motown’s former glory? Industrialized cities can reclaim their purpose through innovation that engages the public and provides a new purposeful identity. My thesis aims to breathe life back into the dying city of Detroit, through adaptive reuse strategies accompanied by a new program, food. Turning a portion of Detroit into a culinary hub to include demo kitchens, restaurants, and small business supports. While also incorporating an urban farming sector to educate, grow, and sell produce straight from their metaphorical backyard. Not only will this bring a fresh focus, but it will also build revenue and encourage population growth. My proposal seeks to educate the locals on farm to table, food research learning and distribution, by incorporating a culinary research institution. This new institute will touch on the historical significance of the surrounding industrial buildings while informing the possibilities of a bright future as a culinary core. The education center will offer a variety of learning through field study and stress the importance of food technology. The questions are What do the current and future people of Detroit need to maintain a healthy social, economic, and communal relationship? How can my proposed design aid in the fight for urban regeneration and food security? Can these tactics work as an exemplary model for other fallen industrialized cities to follow. Many other architects have proposed ideas. Specifically, they have focused on housing, office, and multi-use. None have introduced the idea of a cuisine city center that could aid in the current food desertion epidemic. With 19 neighborhoods without adequate food access, my plan will bring an opportunity to revitalize these communities. And in whole, pull the dying city of Detroit out of neglect

Reelin induces a radial glial phenotype in human neural progenitor cells by activation of Notch-I

Background: Reelin and Notch-I signaling pathways have been recently found to be necessary to induce the expression of brain lipid binding protein ( BLBP) and to promote the process extension and the maturation of the neuronal progenitors, the radial glial cells. In this study, we report the cross talk between these two pathways. Results: Both in vitro Reelin treatment and overexpression of Notch-I intracellular domain (NICD) induced BLBP expression and a radial glial phenotype in an immortalized human neural progenitor (HNP) cell line, isolated from the cortex of 14 weeks old fetus. Reelin treatment increased the level of NICD, indicating that Reelin signaling directly activates Notch-I. In addition, reducing NICD release, by inhibiting gamma-secretase activity, inhibited the Reelin-induced radial glial phenotype in human neural progenitor cells. Furthermore, we found that Dab-I, an adaptor protein downstream of Reelin, was co-immunoprecipitated with Notch-I and NICD. Conclusion: These data indicate that Reelin signaling induces BLBP expression and a radial glial phenotype in human neural progenitor cells via the activation of Notch-I. This study suggest that Reelin signaling may act to fine tune Notch-I activation to favor the induction of a radial glial phenotype prenataly and would thus offer an insight into how Notch-I signaling leads to different cellular fates at different developmental stages

Aesthetic Sport Pressures For Men Of Suicidal Minds

All experiences are unique to every person because each person perceives their surroundings individually. People living with suicidality struggle with the consistent pain which affects their cognition and perception. Pain directly influences how they perceive their experiences and their surroundings. Simultaneously, a person suffering from suicidality must face the stigmas society associates with mental illnesses. Suicide and related mental health concerns are frequently stigmatized and discourage those experiencing it from discussing the pain they feel. They are limited in receiving help as the pain is internalized. Through a creative fiction, first-person narrative account, this project investigates the pressures associated with males in aesthetic sport, such as gymnastics or dance, which complicate suicidality. Suicidality is a pre-existing condition within the body and the pain associated with it may be triggered by internal and external pressures. Male dancers are placed within environments which harbor risk for traumatic events that can trigger such pain. As a male dancer, there is a specific aesthetic physique idealized by dancing companies. A male ballet dancer is expected to be tall, lean, and muscular but not too tall, too lean, or too muscular. He has a small window of what is acceptable for his body\u27s physical appearance which contradicts the body type formed from his physical expectations. He is expected to continually dance and perform jumps, leaps, turns, and lifts without hesitation or exhaustion. However, it becomes a constant conflict between having a body physically able to complete such a task while being in the window of the ideal body type. A man becomes entrapped by a constant pressure for the need to “fix” his body. Pressures from instructors, competitors and peers all play a role in consuming a man under such stresses.Meanwhile, pressures from a family become complicated by having a male participate in a sport considered highly feminine. As such pressures are internalized; pressures of the self become increasingly dangerous for the suicidal mind. The narrative demonstrates the influential power suicidal pain can have on men. Concurrently, the piece portrays how external pressures and gendered expectations may affect a male individual in such a high-stress environment. The first-person narrative provides insight for looking at and experiencing the dance world as a suicidal male may experience it. Despite the advancements made in understanding suicide, the topic is still considered taboo. Misconceptions of the suicidal mind continue to fuel society in stigmatizing the uncontrollable existence of such a mental illness. This text provides a gateway for openly discussing suicide and the intersectional issues individuals may experience with their illness. As more people discuss these issues, they may become educated, more understanding, and reduce the stigma surrounding the topic

THE HDAC INHIBITOR SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE ENHANCES THE CYTOTOXICITY INDUCED BY 5-FLUOROURACIL, OXALIPLATIN, AND IRINOTECAN IN COLORECTAL CANCER CELL LINES

Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of sodium phenylbutyrate (NaPB) to enhance the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan against colorectal cancer cell lines expressing wild-type and mutant p53.Methods: The antiproliferative effect of NaPB alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, or irinotecan in HCT-116 and HT-29 colorectal cancer cell lines was investigated using the MTT cell proliferation assay. IC50 values were calculated using Compusyn Software 1.0 (Combosyn Inc.). Synergy values (R) were calculated using the ratio of IC50 of each primary drug alone divided by combination IC50s. For each two pairs of experiments, student's t-test was used for analysis. In combination studies, one-way ANOVA test; Tukey post-hoc testing was performed using R 3.3.2 software. P-value<0.05 was considered significant.Results: NaPB inhibited the growth of HCT-116 and HT-29 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner (IC50s 4.7 mmol, and 10.1 mmol, respectively). HT-29 cell lines (mutant p53) were more sensitive to NaPB at low concentrations (<4 mmol). Moreover, the addition of NaPB to HCT-116 and HT-29 with 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, or irinotecan synergistically induced the antiproliferative effect (R>1.6, p-value<0.05).Conclusion: NaPB enhanced the cytotoxicity of conventional chemotherapy against colorectal cancer cell lines harboring wild-type or mutant p53. Thus NaPB is a promising potential adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer

USE OF VIDEO GAMES IN A CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC UNIT

Background: Video game has become the preferred form of play among youth. Substantial research has mainly examined problems related to potential negative effects of video games ranging from sedentary screen time, exposure to violence, and excessive or problematic gaming. However, over the past two decades, the use of video games in psychotherapy has become increasingly popular with a lot of applications. Subjects and methods: After a review of the use and the effectiveness of commercial video games in the psychotherapy framework, we will share our experience in the use of video games in a child and adolescent psychiatric unit. We will illustrate it with the presentation of specific case reports. Result: As video games are highly popular among children and adolescents, they are also interesting tools in the psychotherapeutic work with them. It’s a new kind of play therapy, considering the setting, the psychological material that expresses during the game, the interpersonal relationships between gamers, the projective representation within the avatars, the cognitive strategies within the game. Conclusions: Video games represent an essential tool in taking care of child psychiatric patients because of their popularity. They contribute greatly to build the patient/psychotherapist relationship. They help to approach cognitive, emotional and social patient’s functioning, and also psychopathologic understanding and then psychiatric diagnosis

Reelin Signaling Promotes Radial Glia Maturation and Neurogenesis

The end of neurogenesis in the human brain is marked by the transformation of the neural progenitors, the radial glial cells, into astrocytes. This event coincides with the reduction of Reelin expression, a glycoprotein that regulates neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. A recent study showed that the dentate gyrus of the adult reeler mice, with homozygous mutation in the RELIN gene, have reduced neurogenesis relative to the wild type. Based on the above findings, our first hypothesis states that Reelin expression is important for the formation of radial glia and the generation of neurons from the neural progenitors. In order to investigate the role of Reelin in the process of cortical neurogenesis during development, we used human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) that were isolated from a fetal cortex. These cells do not express Reelin. In this study, we show that Reelin addition to these hNPCs in vitro induced the formation of radial glia and increased neurogenesis significantly. Next, we investigated the mechanism by which Reelin increases the formation of radial glia and the generation of neurons. The formation of radial glia is under the control of two pathways, these are the Reelin and the Notch-1 signaling pathways. Since the level of Notch-1 activation determines if a cell would become a radial glia or an astrocyte, and since the absence of Reelin allows the transformation of a radial glia into astrocyte, we hypothesized that Reelin induces the formation of radial glia via activating Notch-1 signaling. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of Reelin addition on Notch-1 activation in hNPCs. We found that Reelin addition in vitro activated Notch-1 signaling by increasing the level of Notch-1 intracellular domain (NICD). On the other hand, reducing NICD release, by inhibiting γ -secretase activity, inhibited the Reelin-induced radial glia, confirming that Reelin\u27s effect on the formation of radial glia is dependent on Notch-1 activation. Furthermore, we found that the Reelin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Disabled-1 (Dab-1), an adaptor protein downstream of Reelin, and the subsequent activation of Src family kinases, are essential steps for Notch-1 activation by Reelin. Finally, we found that Reelin addition increased the binding of Dab-1, recently identified as a nucleoshuttling protein, to NICD and enhanced NICD translocation to the nucleus. This resulted in the induction of BLBP expression and the subsequent formation of radial glia. Taken together, these data show that Reelin signaling, mediated by Dab-1 and Src kinase, activates Notch-1 signaling in hNPCs resulting in the induction of BLBP expression, the formation of radial glia and the generation of neurons. This work is novel because it provides that first evidence that Reelin expression is an important signal for the neuronal differentiation of the hNPCs. It also shows the crosstalk between Reelin and Notch-1 signaling, two major pathways in development and cell fate determination. The work is significant because it improves our understanding of the role of Reelin signaling in cell fate determination, differentiation and neurogenesis for the future manipulation of these processes to restore adult brain functions after brain injury or in neurodegenerative diseases

INPATIENT WITH AN ANXIOUS SCHOOL REFUSAL: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Background: School refusal has an impact on the mental health and on future of young people. This phenomenon cannot only be linked to school dysfunction but must be considered in a larger set of processes. Recent studies propose an understanding of school refusal in terms of psychopathology and individual functioning as well as in terms of associated environmental and family factors. Subjects and methods: We conducted a retrospective study on youths admitted in our child psychiatric unit at HUDERF with an anxious school refusal behavior. The medical records of all 442 patients, admitted in the unit between 1996 and 2019, were inspected. It allows the inclusion of 71 patients, aged from 8 to 16 years. Results: 16% of all patients present an anxious school refusal (ASR). There is a significant difference of sex, in inpatients with anxious school refusal, with 70.42% of male (p<0.0003). Concerning familial and parental characteristics, family separation (56.3%), conflict at home (27%), contact rupture with the father (25.3%) were associated with the onset of the school refusal. Parental psychiatric illness was frequently reported with maternal psychiatric illness (46.5%) and paternal history of psychiatric illness (28.2%). Maltreatment (30.9%) was also frequently observed in our inpatient population of youths with ASR. Concerning school and peers\u27 relationship , we observe relational difficulties with peers (46,5%) , bullying (26,7%), academic difficulties (36.6%) or change of school or moving home (19.7%). Mood and adjustment disorder were the most frequent associated diagnosis in our sample. Conclusion: We confirmed that patient with anxious school refusal that need inpatient care were usually male, with more complex psychopathologies in term of comorbidities and familial maltreatment or psychiatric loading. They also have much more peers and school problems

INPATIENT WITH AN ANXIOUS SCHOOL REFUSAL: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Background: School refusal has an impact on the mental health and on future of young people. This phenomenon cannot only be linked to school dysfunction but must be considered in a larger set of processes. Recent studies propose an understanding of school refusal in terms of psychopathology and individual functioning as well as in terms of associated environmental and family factors. Subjects and methods: We conducted a retrospective study on youths admitted in our child psychiatric unit at HUDERF with an anxious school refusal behavior. The medical records of all 442 patients, admitted in the unit between 1996 and 2019, were inspected. It allows the inclusion of 71 patients, aged from 8 to 16 years. Results: 16% of all patients present an anxious school refusal (ASR). There is a significant difference of sex, in inpatients with anxious school refusal, with 70.42% of male (p<0.0003). Concerning familial and parental characteristics, family separation (56.3%), conflict at home (27%), contact rupture with the father (25.3%) were associated with the onset of the school refusal. Parental psychiatric illness was frequently reported with maternal psychiatric illness (46.5%) and paternal history of psychiatric illness (28.2%). Maltreatment (30.9%) was also frequently observed in our inpatient population of youths with ASR. Concerning school and peers\u27 relationship , we observe relational difficulties with peers (46,5%) , bullying (26,7%), academic difficulties (36.6%) or change of school or moving home (19.7%). Mood and adjustment disorder were the most frequent associated diagnosis in our sample. Conclusion: We confirmed that patient with anxious school refusal that need inpatient care were usually male, with more complex psychopathologies in term of comorbidities and familial maltreatment or psychiatric loading. They also have much more peers and school problems

STUDI LITERATUR : PENGARUH PERBEDAAN GENDER TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh perbedaan gender terhadap hasil belajar siswa di tingkat sekolah dasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur, dengan analisis deskriptif sebagai pendekatan utama. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa meskipun telah ada penelitian yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa laki-laki dan perempuan, masih diperlukan penelitian yang lebih mendalam untuk memahami faktor-faktor yang memediasi hubungan tersebut secara spesifik dalam konteks pendidikan dasar di Indonesia. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa terdapat kesenjangan antara kebijakan kesetaraan akses pembelajaran yang diatur oleh pemerintah dan implementasinya di lapangan, yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa secara keseluruhan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah pentingnya identifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesetaraan akses pembelajaran dan dampaknya terhadap hasil belajar siswa, sehingga dapat menjadi kontribusi penting dalam pengembangan kebijakan pendidikan yang lebih inklusif dan berkeadilan di tingkat sekolah dasar.&nbsp