Titanium and water-rich metamorphic olivine in high-pressure serpentinites from the Voltri Massif (Ligurian Alps, Italy): evidence for deep subduction of high-field strength and fluid-mobile elements

Titanium- and water-rich metamorphic olivine (Fo 86-88) is reported from partially dehydrated serpentinites from the Voltri complex, Ligurian Alps. The rocks are composed of mostly antigorite and olivine in addition to magnetite, chlorite, clinopyroxene and Ti-clinohumite. In situ secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) data show that metamorphic olivine has very high and strongly correlated H2O (up to 0.7 wt%) and TiO2 contents (up to 0.85 wt%). Ti-rich olivine shows colourless to yellow pleochroism. Olivine associated with Ti-clinohumite contains low Ti, suggesting that Ti-rich olivine is not the breakdown product of Ti-clinohumite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) absorption spectra show peaks of serpentine, Ti-clinohumite and OH-related Si vacancies. Combining FTIR and SIMS data, we suggest the presence of clustered planar defects or nanoscale exsolutions of Ti-clinohumite in olivine. These defects or exsolutions contain more H2O (x similar to 0.1 in the formula 4Mg(2)SiO(4)center dot(1-x)Mg(OH, F)(2)center dot xTiO(2)) than Ti-clinohumite in the sample matrix (x = 0.34-0.46). In addition to TiO2 and H2O, secondary olivine contains significant Li (2-60 ppm), B (10-20 ppm), F (10-130 ppm) and Zr (0.9-2.1 ppm). It is enriched in B-11 (delta B-11 = +17 to +23 parts per thousand). Our data indicate that secondary olivine may play a significant role in transporting water, high-field strength and fluid-mobile elements into the deeper mantle as well as introduce significant B isotope anomalies. Release of hydrogen from H2O-rich olivine subducted into the deep mantle may result in strongly reduced mantle domains.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2014-01/102/0000043439/1SEQ:1PERF_CD:SNU2014-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000043439ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A076886DEPT_CD:3345CITE_RATE:3.476FILENAME:de hoog et al-14-cmp-titanium- and water-ric.pdfDEPT_NM:지구환경과학부SCOPUS_YN:NCONFIRM:

Lesson Program for Understanding the Maintainable Environment Through the Making of a “Secure Base”

本年度は，２年生児童によるワークショップを実施し，身近な環境に対する「安全な場所」を地図上に評価・提案するだけではなく，実際に児童自身の｢安全な場所｣の模型づくりワークショップまでの一連の授業を構成した。模型づくりでは､とりわけ模型製作の技術的な問題があるが、床や屋根の構造のつくり方、制作のプロセスにおける作り方の変化に一定の類型があることが明らかになった。とりわけ、児童の「安全」観とそれを乗り越える冒険心とが併存していることが明らかとなったことが最大の成果である。模型製作の上でのテーマ設定、用いる素材の選定などが、今後の「安全な場所」に関する研究の上での課題として残された。This year, we held a workshop for second grade students and constructed the lesson program for the evaluation and the proposal concerning daily environment on a map and for the construction of a model as a “secure base”. In the making of models, despite the technical problems, we found the definite types to make models: the floor or the roof structure, and the making process itself. In particular, we revealed that children’s sense of security sensibility coexisted with an adventurous spirit. Theme setting and the choice of materials for making the models require further study

Impaired long-term memory retention and working memory in sdy mutant mice with a deletion in Dtnbp1, a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Schizophrenia is a complex genetic disorder caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. The dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1: dysbindin-1) gene is a major susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Genetic variations in DTNBP1 are associated with cognitive functions, general cognitive ability and memory function, and clinical features of patients with schizophrenia including negative symptoms and cognitive decline. Since reduced expression of dysbindin-1 has been observed in postmortem brains of patients with schizophrenia, the sandy (sdy) mouse, which has a deletion in the Dtnbp1 gene and expresses no dysbindin-1 protein, could be an animal model of schizophrenia. To address this issue, we have carried out a comprehensive behavioral analysis of the sdy mouse in this study.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In a rotarod test, sdy mice did not exhibit motor learning whilst the wild type mice did. In a Barnes circular maze test both sdy mice and wild type mice learned to selectively locate the escape hole during the course of the training period and in the probe trial conducted 24 hours after last training. However, sdy mice did not locate the correct hole in the retention probe tests 7 days after the last training trial, whereas wild type mice did, indicating impaired long-term memory retention. A T-maze forced alternation task, a task of working memory, revealed no effect of training in sdy mice despite the obvious effect of training in wild type mice, suggesting a working memory deficit.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Sdy mouse showed impaired long-term memory retention and working memory. Since genetic variation in DTNBP1 is associated with both schizophrenia and memory function, and memory function is compromised in patients with schizophrenia, the sdy mouse may represent a useful animal model to investigate the mechanisms of memory dysfunction in the disorder.</p

Lesson Program for Spatial Composition of “House” with Different Structural Methods by Third Graders of Primary School

本年度は，３年生児童によるワークショップを実施し，「結ぶ」，「組む」という異なる二つの製作手法を用いた，「安全な家」の模型づくりの授業を構成した。製作模型では，児童によって多少の個人差はあるが，床や屋根の構造のつくり方と制作のプロセスの変化に一定の類型があることが明らかになった。また、製作前後で行ったアンケートの分析では、「結ぶ」手法から「組む」手法へと変わった際に、空間に対して求めるものが変化することが分かった。模型製作手法という外的要因が児童の安全に対する意識に影響を与えたことを明らかにしたことが最大の成果である。児童の生活環境との相関，床面の構成の分析などが，今後の空間構成に関する研究の上での課題として残された。In this year, we had the workshop by third grade students and make the lesson program for the making of a model as “secure house” with structural methods of “tying” and “wooden jointing”. In the making of models, though there are some individual differences, we found the definite types to make models: the floor or the roof structure, and the making process itself. In analysis of questionnaire before and after the workshop, what children desired for living space changed, when the method was changed from “tying” to “wooden jointing”. It is the important result that children’s conscious for secure was affected by external factor; the model making method. Theme relation of children’s living environment and analysis of structure of floor require further study

cis interaction of CD153 with TCR/CD3 is crucial for the pathogenic activation of senescence-associated T cells

老化T細胞が自己免疫病や慢性炎症疾患を引き起こすメカニズムを解明 --老化関連疾患克服への新しいアプローチ--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-09-22.With age, senescence-associated (SA) CD4+ T cells that are refractory to T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation are increased along with spontaneous germinal center (Spt-GC) development prone to autoantibody production. We demonstrate that CD153 and its receptor CD30 are expressed in SA-T and Spt-GC B cells, respectively, and deficiency of either CD153 or CD30 results in the compromised increase of both cell types. CD153 engagement on SA-T cells upon TCR stimulation causes association of CD153 with the TCR/CD3 complex and restores TCR signaling, whereas CD30 engagement on GC B cells induces their expansion. Administration of an anti-CD153 antibody blocking the interaction with CD30 suppresses the increase in both SA-T and Spt-GC B cells with age and ameliorates lupus in lupus-prone mice. These results suggest that the molecular interaction of CD153 and CD30 plays a central role in the reciprocal activation of SA-T and Spt-GC B cells, leading to immunosenescent phenotypes and autoimmunity