249 research outputs found
Accumulation and depletion layer thicknesses in organic field effect transistors
We present a simple but powerful method to determine the thicknesses of the
accumulation and depletion layers and the distribution curve of injected
carriers in organic field effect transistors. The conductivity of organic
semiconductors in thin film transistors was measured in-situ and continuously
with a bottom contact configuration, as a function of film thickness at various
gate voltages. Using this method, the thicknesses of the accumulation and
depletion layers of pentacene were determined to be 0.9 nm (VG=-15 V) and 5 nm
(VG=15 V).Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. in pres
Cloning and functional characterization of a fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-FEH) in edible burdock (Arctium lappa L.)
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We have previously reported on the variation of total fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total inulooligosaccharides (IOS) and inulin in the roots of burdock stored at different temperatures. During storage at 0°C, an increase of FOS as a result of the hydrolysis of inulin was observed. Moreover, we suggested that an increase of IOS would likely be due to the synthesis of the IOS by fructosyltransfer from 1-kestose to accumulated fructose and elongated fructose oligomers which can act as acceptors for fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase (1-FFT). However, enzymes such as inulinase or fructan 1-exohydorolase (1-FEH) involved in inulin degradation in burdock roots are still not known. Here, we report the isolation and functional analysis of a gene encoding burdock 1-FEH.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A cDNA, named <it>aleh1</it>, was obtained by the RACE method following PCR with degenerate primers designed based on amino-acid sequences of FEHs from other plants. The <it>aleh1 </it>encoded a polypeptide of 581 amino acids. The relative molecular mass and isoelectric point (<it>pI</it>) of the deduced polypeptide were calculated to be 65,666 and 4.86. A recombinant protein of <it>aleh1 </it>was produced in <it>Pichia pastoris</it>, and was purified by ion exchange chromatography with DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, hydrophobic chromatography with Toyopearl HW55S and gel filtration chromatography with Toyopearl HW55S. Purified recombinant protein showed hydrolyzing activity against β-2, 1 type fructans such as 1-kestose, nystose, fructosylnystose and inulin. On the other hand, sucrose, neokestose, 6-kestose and high DP levan were poor substrates.</p> <p>The purified recombinant protein released fructose from sugars extracted from burdock roots. These results indicated that <it>aleh1 </it>encoded 1-FEH.</p
Ultrafast melting of charge-density wave fluctuations at room temperature in monitored under non-equilibrium conditions
We investigate the ultrafast lattice dynamics in using
femtosecond reflection pump-probe and pump-pump-probe techniques at room
temperature. The time-domain signals and Fourier-transformed spectra show the
phonon mode at 5.9 THz. Moreover, we observe an additional mode at
3 THz, corresponding to the charge-density wave (CDW) amplitude mode,
which is generally visible below TK. We argue that the
emergence of the CDW amplitude mode at room temperature can be a consequence of
fluctuations of order parameters, based on the additional experiment using the
pump-pump-probe technique, which exhibited suppression of the AM signal within
the ultrafast time scale of 0.5 ps.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, Applied Physics Letters, in pres
Photo-induced Tellurium segregation in
We report on the coherent phonon spectroscopy of polymorphic
single crystals using a femtosecond-pulsed laser to
investigate the relationship between structural phase transitions and
photo-thermal effects induced by high-density laser excitation. Even when a
femtosecond pulsed laser was used, which generally induces fewer heat
accumulation effects than the case for a CW laser, tellurium segregation was
observed in coherent phonon spectra with increasing excitation density, while
no structural phase transition among polymorphs of was
observed. The use of higher photon-energy excitation, however, was found to
suppress tellurium segregation.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, accepted for Physica Status Solidi (RRL) - Rapid
Research Letter
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