Beating the Standard Quantum Limit with Four Entangled Photons

Precision measurements are important across all fields of science. In particular, optical phase measurements can be used to measure distance, position, displacement, acceleration and optical path length. Quantum entanglement enables higher precision than would otherwise be possible. We demonstrate an optical phase measurement with an entangled four photon interference visibility greater than the threshold to beat the standard quantum limit--the limit attainable without entanglement. These results open the way for new high-precision measurement applications.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures Author name was slightly modifie

コンメン ヒフクジュツ ニツイテ

Localized gingival recession and root exposure may cause an esthetic problem, root dentin hypersensitivity, root caries, and difficulties in plaque control. To solve the problems, root coverage procedures have been developed since 1950s. These surgical procedures are classified as pedicle soft tissue graft procedures, free soft tissue graft procedures, and regenerative procedures. Pedicle soft tissue graft procedures include the laterally repositioned flap procedure, the double papilla flap, the oblique rotational flap, the coronally advanced flap procedure, and a semi-lunar coronally repositioned flap procedure. Free soft tissue graft procedures contain the free gingival graft and the connective tissue graft. Regenerative procedures are the modifications of coronally advanced flap utilizing barrier membranes or enamel matrix derivatives. Histological observations of the human root surface treated with soft tissue graft showed that new connective tissue attachment was formed in some areas, and epithelial attachment was found in other areas. Based on the literatures, the connective tissue graft results in superior root coverage comparing with other procedures. Similarly, complete root coverage was expected in highest predictability in the connective tissue graft, especially in class I or II recession defects. The color match of the grafted area to the adjacent gingiva is esthetically more favorable with the connective tissue graft than that of a free gingival graft. However, only partial coverage may be expected in class III or IV recession defects

Molecular characterization of buckwheat major immunoglobulin E-reactive proteins in allergic patients

ABSTRACTBuckwheat extract was analyzed by immunoblotting experiments using sera from nine allergic and three non-allergic individuals. Major IgE-reactive bands were 73, 70, 62, 58 and 54kDa under non-reducing conditions and were detected in allergic subjects, but not in non-allergic ones. Under reducing conditions, the 73, 70, 62 and 58kDa bands split to 56 and 24, 52 and 24, 45 and 24, and 43 and 24kDa, respectively. The 24kDa molecule was the most prominent band recognized with IgE as well as IgG or IgA. The FA02 cDNA clone, encoding the α and β subunits of the legumin-like storage protein, was isolated from a cDNA library made of immature buckwheat seeds. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cDNA clone is substantially identical to the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 24kDa molecule, which may be identical to that of BW24KD reported by Urisu et al. Consistent with these results, the translation product of the cDNA encoding the putative β subunit was strongly recognized with serum IgE, IgG and IgA from buckwheat-allergic patients. These results suggested that the 24kDa molecule may be the β subunit of the legumin-like storage molecule of buckwheat

Beating the standard quantum limit: Phase super-sensitivity of N-photon interferometers

Quantum metrology promises greater sensitivity for optical phase measurements than could ever be achieved classically. Here we present a theory of the phase sensitivity for the general case where the detection probability is given by an $N$ photon interference fringe. We find that the phase sensitivity has a complex dependence on both the intrinsic efficiency of detection $\eta$ and the interference fringe visibility $V$. Most importantly, the phase that gives maximum phase sensitivity is in general not the same as the phase at which the slope of the interference fringe is a maximum, as has previously been assumed. We determine the parameter range where quantum enhanced sensitivity can be achieved. In order to illustrate these theoretical results, we perform a four photon experiment with $\eta=3/4$ and $V=82\pm6$% (an extension of our previous work [Science \textbf{316}, 726 (2007)]) and find a phase sensitivity 1.3 times greater than the standard quantum limit at a phase different to that which gives maximum slope of the interference fringe.Comment: submitted for publication Oct 2007, 5pages, 3figure

Association between periodontal condition and kidney dysfunction in Japanese adults : A cross‐sectional study

Recent studies have demonstrated that chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be associated with the progression of periodontal disease. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for CKD. The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship between periodontal condition and kidney dysfunction in patients who had kidney failure with or without DM. One hundred sixty‐four patients with kidney dysfunction were enrolled (male: N = 105; female: N = 59), and the relationship between periodontal condition and kidney dysfunction was analyzed in a cross‐sectional study. The subjects were divided into three groups: (a) patients with DM, (b) dialysis patients with nephropathy due to various kidney diseases, and (c) dialysis patient with nephropathy due to DM (diabetic nephropathy). Then, the effect of DM on the periodontal condition was analyzed. The patients were also stratified by CKD stage (into G1–G5) using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and the G5 group was divided in patients with or without DM. Correlations between eGFR and parameters of periodontal condition were calculated in patients from G1 to G4. The number of missing teeth was significantly higher in dialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy than in patients with DM, whereas alveolar bone loss did not show a significant difference among the three groups. In addition, the G5 patients with DM had a significantly higher number of missing teeth than the other CKD groups, whereas alveolar bone loss did not show a significant difference. In G5 patients with DM, Community Periodontal Index and Oral Hygiene Index scores were significantly higher than in G1‐4 patients with DM. There was a significant negative correlation between eGFR and the number of missing teeth. Patients with diabetic nephropathy have a higher rate of periodontal problems such as missing teeth in Japanese adults

シンタイ キョウイク ノ ガクテキ チヘイ : シンタイロン キョウイクロン ジッセンロン ノ ハザマ ニ ミル ウズキ

The purpose of this article is to consider a theoretical gestalt as to education of the human body work and human culture（H.B.W. and H.C.）. This study was designed to establish the scholarship of the education of H.B.W. and H.C. for human’s health and well−being. In other words, it means that is making the framework as practice of the education of H.B.W. and H.C. and classifying practical problems under　this framework. The present study was designed（a）to investigate of ‘human body’ which is academic object on the education of H.B.W. and H.C.,（b）to refer what’s the practice is belong to the territory of meanings as methodology on them. It is recognized the framework as the education of H.B.W. and H.C. set on ‘official curriculum − hidden curriculum’ as Y − axis and ‘Domain of Ki − Domain of Mi’ as X − axis, respectively. In those practice of the education of H.B.W. and H.C., the former is ‘direct experience’ on the upper figures and ‘indirect experience’ on the lower figures. In the latter, the practice appeared the first and the fourth quadrants are reasonable to presume as ‘the expanding experience’ and the practice occurred the second and the third quadrants are inferred as ‘the dissolved experience’. Therefore, those four practical meanings on the education of H.B.W. and H.C. will make to enhance the Zest for living and change one’s way of life

Gp78 Cooperates with RMA1 in Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of CFTR F508

Misfolded or improperly assembled proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are exported into the cytosol and degraded via the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, a process termed ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hrd1p/Der3p is an ER membrane-spanning ubiquitin ligase that participates in ERAD of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) when CFTR is exogenously expressed in yeast cells. Two mammalian orthologues of yeast Hrd1p/Der3p, gp78 and HRD1, have been reported. Here, we demonstrate that gp78, but not HRD1, participates in ERAD of the CFTR mutant CFTRΔF508, by specifically promoting ubiquitylation of CFTRΔF508. Domain swapping experiments and deletion analysis revealed that gp78 binds to CFTRΔF508 through its ubiquitin binding region, the so-called coupling of ubiquitin to ER degradation (CUE) domain. Gp78 polyubiquitylated in vitro an N-terminal ubiquitin-glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-fusion protein, but not GST alone. This suggests that gp78 recognizes the ubiquitin that is already conjugated to CFTRΔF508 and catalyzes further polyubiquitylation of CFTRΔF508 in a manner similar to that of a multiubiquitin chain assembly factor (E4). Furthermore, we revealed by small interfering RNA methods that the ubiquitin ligase RMA1 functioned as an E3 enzyme upstream of gp78. Our data demonstrates that gp78 cooperates with RMA1 with E4-like activity in the ERAD of CFTRΔF508

Self-assembled monolayer of light-harvesting core complexes of photosynthetic bacteria on an amino-terminated ITO electrode

Light-harvesting antenna core (LH1-RC) complexes isolated from Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rhodopseudomonas palustris were successfully self-assembled on an ITO electrode modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Near infra-red (NIR) absorption, fluorescence, and IR spectra of these LH1-RC complexes indicated that these LH1-RC complexes on the electrode were stable on the electrode. An efficient energy transfer and photocurrent responses of these LH1-RC complexes on the electrode were observed upon illumination of the LH1 complex at 880 nm

バスケットボール ニオケル Back Ring Target トウホウ ノ ユウコウセイ ニ カンスル ジッケンテキ ケンキュウ : レンシュウ コウカ ニ チャクモク シテ

本研究は， BRT 投法の成功率を高めた選手（上位群：３名）とそうでない選手（下位群：３名）を対象に，練習過程におけるフィードバック情報の内容とその影響の違いを比較・検討することを目的とした。すなわち，鳴門教育大学のバスケットボール部に所属する男子学生６名を対象にBRT法によるシュート練習（６０投）を行わせ，そのうちの最初１０投でのシューティングフォーム・チェックシートの結果をフィードバック情報と捉え，これを５週間（３回／週）にわたって実施した。この練習の成果は，練習前後のPerformance Test（pre-test およびpost-test）におけるシュート成功率とシュートフォームの変化から検討した。その結果，下位群の練習結果より，３P シュートの成功率を高めるためには，まずはシュートリリース時のスナップを効かせて，スナップ速度の速いシュートが打てるようになることの重要性が導かれた。また，上位群の練習結果より，手首のスナップが効かせるようになれば，「真上へジャンプして，バックリングをよく狙って放つ」とする意識でのシューティングすることがシュート成功率を高めるものと考えられた。The purpose of this study is to clarify the effectiveness of the Back Ring Target （BRT）shooting method based on idea which BRT shooting method is higher probability about successful shooting compared with Front Ring Target shooting method and Image of Ball Trajectory shooting method in Basketball. In other words, as subject six male students who belong to the basketball club of Naruto University Education, It was to carry out the shooting practice by the BRT shooting method over (60 shoots/time, 3 times / week) for 5 weeks. Subjects made to answer the checking sheet of shooting form consisted in 4 items(1.jumping right above, 2.staring at the target, 3.using snap of wrist, 4.feeling of release at shoot)for examine the feedback information of 3ponts shooting. Then, It was compared pre-test results and post-test results, each test 60 shoots, about changing the form and shoot rate. From the practice results of the sub-group, it is important to use twist snap of the wrist at the shoot release in order to increase 3P shoot rate. In addition, from practice results top-group, it was considered that strong snap of the wrist related to shoot with the consciousness of "to jump right above and to shoot with pushing off the ball to Back-Ring"

A radioprotective agonist for p53 transactivation

Inhibiting p53-dependent apoptosis by inhibitors of p53 is an effective strategy for preventing radiation-induced damage in hematopoietic lineages, while p53 and p21 also play radioprotective roles in the gastrointestinal epithelium. We previously identified some zinc(II) chelators, including 8-quinolinol derivatives that suppress apoptosis in attempts to discover compounds that target the zinc-binding site in p53. We found that 5-chloro-8-quinolinol (5CHQ) has a unique p53-modulating activity that shifts its transactivation from proapoptotic to protective responses including enhancing p21 induction and suppressing PUMA induction. This p53-modulating activity also influenced p53 and p53-target gene expression in unirradiated cells without inducing DNA damage. The specificity of 5CHQ for p53 and p21 was demonstrated by silencing the expression of each protein. These effects seems to be attributable to the sequence-specific alteration of p53 DNA-binding, as evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. In addition, 5-chloro-8-methoxyquinoline itself had no antiapoptotic activity, indicating that the hydroxyl group at the 8-position is required for its antiapoptotic activity. We applied this remarkable agonistic activity to protecting the hematopoietic and gastrointestinal system in mouse irradiation models. The dose-reduction factors of 5CHQ in total-body and abdominally irradiated mice were about 1.2 and 1.3, respectively. 5CHQ effectively protected mouse epithelial stem cells from a lethal dose of abdominal irradiation. Furthermore, the specificity of 5CHQ for p53 in reducing the lethality induced by abdominal irradiation was revealed in Trp53-KO mice. These results indicate that the pharmacological upregulation of radioprotective p53-target genes is an effective strategy for addressing the gastrointestinal syndrome