100 research outputs found
ΠΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΡΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π³Π° Π±ΡΡΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°, ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°.ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΠΏΡΡΠΊΡΠ² ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎ-Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ³Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ Π· ΠΎΠ±'ΡΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°, ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ.In work influence of bunches of rapid electrons is explored on a structure and properties of radiation-protective materials of compositions, kapsulirovannykh in polymeric termoplastichnye shells. The results of theoretical calculations of run of rapid electrons are presented in polymeric kompozite, estimation of protective descriptions and experimental results on a change power of dose of electronic radiation after the layers of polymeric kompozita with a by volume electric charge. An amorphously-crystalline structure and destruction of polymeric kompozita, is explored
Maternal and Paternal Risk Factors for Cryptorchidism and Hypospadias: A CaseβControl Study in Newborn Boys
Little is known on environmental risk factors for cryptorchidism and hypospadias, which are among the most frequent congenital abnormalities. The aim of our study was to identify risk factors for cryptorchidism and hypospadias, with a focus on potential endocrine disruptors in parental diet and occupation. In a caseβcontrol study nested within a cohort of 8,698 male births, we compared 78 cryptorchidism cases and 56 hypospadias cases with 313 controls. The participation rate was 85% for cases and 68% for controls. Through interviews, information was collected on pregnancy aspects and personal characteristics, lifestyle, occupation, and dietary phytoestrogen intake of both parents. Occupational exposure to potential endocrine disruptors was classified based on self-reported exposure and ratings of occupational hygienists based on job descriptions. Our findings indicate that paternal pesticide exposure was associated with cryptorchidism [odds ratio (OR) = 3.8; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.1β13.4]. Smoking of the father was associated with hypospadias (OR = 3.8; 95% CI, 1.8β8.2). Maternal occupational, dietary, and lifestyle exposures were not associated with either abnormality. Both abnormalities were associated with suboptimal maternal health, a lower maternal education, and a Turkish origin of the parents. Being small for gestational age was a risk factor for hypospadias, and preterm birth was a risk factor for cryptorchidism. Because paternal pesticide exposure was significantly associated with cryptorchidism and paternal smoking was associated with hypospadias in male offspring, paternal exposure should be included in further studies on cryptorchidism and hypospadias risk factors
Stratified Management for Bacterial Infections in Late Preterm and Term Neonates:Current Strategies and Future Opportunities Toward Precision Medicine
Bacterial infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period. Therefore, many neonates, including late preterm and term neonates, are exposed to antibiotics in the first weeks of life. Data on the importance of inter-individual differences and disease signatures are accumulating. Differences that may potentially influence treatment requirement and success rate. However, currently, many neonates are treated following a βone size fits allβ approach, based on general protocols and standard antibiotic treatment regimens. Precision medicine has emerged in the last years and is perceived as a new, holistic, way of stratifying patients based on large-scale data including patient characteristics and disease specific features. Specific to sepsis, differences in disease susceptibility, disease severity, immune response and pharmacokinetics and -dynamics can be used for the development of treatment algorithms helping clinicians decide when and how to treat a specific patient or a specific subpopulation. In this review, we highlight the current and future developments that could allow transition to a more precise manner of antibiotic treatment in late preterm and term neonates, and propose a research agenda toward precision medicine for neonatal bacterial infections.</p
Maximal air bubble entrainment at liquid drop impact
At impact of a liquid drop on a solid surface an air bubble can be entrapped.
Here we show that two competing effects minimize the (relative) size of this
entrained air bubble: For large drop impact velocity and large droplets the
inertia of the liquid flattens the entrained bubble, whereas for small impact
velocity and small droplets capillary forces minimize the entrained bubble.
However, we demonstrate experimentally, theoretically, and numerically that in
between there is an optimum, leading to maximal air bubble entrapment. Our
results have a strong bearing on various applications in printing technology,
microelectronics, immersion lithography, diagnostics, or agriculture.Comment: 4 page
Oral and Intravenous Amoxicillin Dosing Recommendations in Neonates:A Pooled Population Pharmacokinetic Study
BACKGROUND:Β There is a lack of evidence on oral amoxicillin pharmacokinetics and exposure in neonates with possible serious bacterial infection (pSBI). We aimed to describe amoxicillin disposition following oral and intravenous administration and to provide dosing recommendations for preterm and term neonates treated for pSBI.METHODS:Β In this pooled-population pharmacokinetic study, 3 datasets were combined for nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. In order to evaluate amoxicillin exposure following oral and intravenous administration, pharmacokinetic profiles for different dosing regimens were simulated with the developed population pharmacokinetic model. A target of 50% time of the free fraction above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) with an MICECOFF of 8β
mg/L (to cover gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli) was used.RESULTS:Β The cohort consisted of 261 (79 oral, 182 intravenous) neonates with a median (range) gestational age of 35.8 weeks (range, 24.9-42.4) and bodyweight of 2.6 kg (range, 0.5-5). A 1-compartment model with first-order absorption best described amoxicillin pharmacokinetics. Clearance (L/h/kg) in neonates born after 30 weeks' gestation increased with increasing postnatal age (PNA day 10, 1.25-fold; PNA day 20, 1.43-fold vs PNA day 3). Oral bioavailability was 87%. We found that a twice-daily regimen of 50β
mg/kg/day is superior to a 3- or 4-times daily schedule in the first week of life for both oral and intravenous administration.CONCLUSIONS:Β This pooledpopulation pharmacokinetic description of intravenous and oral amoxicillin in neonates provides age-specific dosing recommendations. We conclude that neonates treated with oral amoxicillin in the first weeks of life reach adequate amoxicillin levels following a twice-daily dosing regimen. Oral amoxicillin therapy could therefore be an adequate, cost-effective, and more patient-friendly alternative for neonates worldwide.</p
Ethnic differences in colon cancer care in the Netherlands: a nationwide registry-based study
Can individual cognitions, self-regulation and environmental variables explain educational differences in vegetable consumption?: a cross-sectional study among Dutch adults
Acculturation and use of health care services by Turkish and Moroccan migrants: a cross-sectional population-based study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is insufficient empirical evidence which shows if and how there is an interrelation between acculturation and health care utilisation. The present study seeks to establish this evidence within first generation Turkish and Moroccan migrants, two of the largest migrant groups in present-day Western Europe.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data were derived from the Amsterdam Health Monitor 2004, and were complete for 358 Turkish and 288 Moroccan foreign-born migrants. Use of health services (general practitioner, outpatient specialist and health care for mental health problems) was measured by means of self-report. Acculturation was measured by a structured questionnaire grading (i) ethnic self-identification, (ii) social interaction with ethnic Dutch, (iii) communication in Dutch within one's private social network, (iv) emancipation, and (v) cultural orientation towards the public domain.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Acculturation was hardly associated with the use of general practitioner care. However, in case of higher adaptation to the host culture there was less uptake of outpatient specialist care among Turkish respondents (odds ratio [OR] = 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82-0.99) and Moroccan male respondents (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.71-0.93). Conversely, there was a higher uptake of mental health care among Turkish men (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.71-0.93) and women (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.71-0.93). Uptake of mental health care among Moroccan respondents again appeared lower (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.55-0.99). Language ability appeared to play a central role in the uptake of health care.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Some results were in accordance with the popular view that an increased participation in the host society is concomitant to an increased use of health services. However, there was heterogeneity across ethnic and gender groups, and across the domains of acculturation. Language ability appeared to play a central role. Further research needs to explore this heterogeneity into more detail. Also, other cultural and/or contextual aspects that influence the use of health services require further identification.</p
Appreciation and implementation of the Krachtvoer healthy diet promotion programme for 12- to 14- year-old students of prevocational schools
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Krachtvoer is a school-based healthy diet programme, developed in 2001 and revised in 2007 to meet the needs of particular segments of the target population as well as a wider target group. The main aims of the present process evaluation of the revised programme were to examine student and teacher appreciation of the programme, completeness of and adherence to its implementation, and relations between appreciation and completeness of implementation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data were collected among 22 teachers and 1117 students of 13 schools, using student evaluation forms, teacher logbooks, telephone interviews, and classroom observations.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Results indicate favourable levels of teacher and student appreciation for the programme in general and the revised elements. Girls, first-year students and students with more favourable dietary intakes particularly appreciated individual programme elements. Levels of completeness of implementation were high, but several teachers did not adhere to the intended implementation period. Some moderately strong relations were found between teacher appreciation and completeness of implementation scores.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We conclude that the revisions have resulted in a programme that was appreciated well, also by the extended target group, and was implemented with a high degree of completeness. Teacher appreciation proved potentially important for completeness of implementation. We identified several aspects requiring improvement, indicating the importance of continued programme updates and repeated evaluation.</p
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