Color confinement due to topological defects -- restoration of residual gauge symmetries

The local gauge symmetry remaining even after imposing a gauge fixing condition is called the residual local gauge symmetry, which is spontaneously broken in the perturbative vacuum, and is expected to be restored in the true confining vacuum. Indeed, the criterion for restoring a special choice of the residual gauge symmetry was shown to be equivalent to the Kugo-Ojima color confinement criterion in the Lorenz gauge. In the previous paper, we demonstrated that such restoration can occur even in the Maximal Abelian gauge due to topological defects. However, it was later found that the topological defects introduced in the previous paper give an infinite Euclidean action and hence do not contribute to the path integral. In this paper, therefore, we reexamine modified topological defects giving a finite Euclidean action to contribute to the path integral. We show the restoration of the residual local gauge symmetry in the Maximal Abelian gauge due to such a class of topological defects.Comment: 17pages, 3figures, minor changes: modified explanations in sect. III and Appendix

線形ポールトラップ中に捕獲された非中性イオンプラズマの安定性解析とその粒子ビーム力学への応用

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(理学)Doctor of Sciencedoctora

Instability of a gapless color superconductor with respect to inhomogeneous fluctuations

We systematically apply density functional theory to determine the kind of inhomogeneities that spontaneously develop in a homogeneous gapless phase of neutral two-flavor superfluid quark matter. We consider inhomogeneities in the quark and electron densities and in the phases and amplitude of the order parameter. These inhomogeneities are expected to lead the gapless phase to a BCS-normal coexisting phase, a Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell (LOFF) state with phase oscillations alone, and a LOFF state with amplitude oscillations. We find that which of them the homogeneous system tends towards depends sensitively on the chemical potential separation between up and down quarks and the gradient energies.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures; corrected Eq. (36) and changed content associated with d quark clustering instabilit

6-(1-Methyl­ethyl)-12-phenyl-5,6,7,12-tetra­hydro­dibenz[c,f][1,5]aza­silocine

The title compound, C23H25NSi, has an eight-membered silicon-containing heterocyclic ring with an intra­molecular N⋯Si close contact, the transannular distance of which is 2.6294 (18) Å. The resulting geometry about the Si atom is distorted trigonal-bypyramidal, with the N and H atoms occupying apical sites. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings fused to the eight-membered ring is 63.27 (7)°

Observational signatures of forming young massive clusters: continuum emission from dense HII regions

Young massive clusters (YMCs) are the most massive star clusters forming in nearby galaxies and are thought to be a young analogue to the globular clusters. Understanding the formation process of YMCs leads to looking into very efficient star formation in high-redshift galaxies suggested by recent JWST observations. We investigate possible observational signatures of their formation stage, particularly when the mass of a cluster is increasing via accretion from a natal molecular cloud. To this end, we study the broad-band continuum emission from ionized gas and dust enshrouding YMCs, whose formation is followed by recent radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. We perform post-process radiative transfer calculations using simulation snapshots and find characteristic spectral features at radio and far-infrared frequencies. We show that a striking feature is long-lasting, strong free-free emission from a $\sim$ 10pc-scale HII region with a large emission measure of $\gtrsim 10^7 \mathrm{cm}^{-6} \ \mathrm{pc}$, corresponding to the mean electron density of $\gtrsim 10^3~\mathrm{cm}^{-3}$. There is a turnover feature below $\sim$ 10 GHz, a signature of the optically-thick free-free emission, often found in Galactic ultra-compact HII regions. These features come from the peculiar YMC formation process, where the cluster's gravity effectively traps photoionized gas for a long duration and enables continuous star formation within the cluster. Such large and dense HII regions show distinct distribution on the density-size diagram, apart from the standard sequence of Galactic HII regions. This is consistent with the observational trend inferred for extragalactic HII regions associated with YMCs.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

ヨウ化サマリウムを用いた lucentamycin A の形式合成およびハロアルキナールのラジカル環化反応の開発

星薬科大学博士（薬学）doctoral thesi

Structural and Expressional Alterations of Episomal and Integrated Human Papillomavirus Type 16 in Precancerous Lesions and Carcinomas of the Cervix.

HPV infection has long been implicated in the development of cervical car-cinoma. We have analyzed the HPV 16 genome structure and expression of the viral mRNA in cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs) and cervical car-cinomas by using modified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Genome structure has been determined by PCR using multi-primer sets which are located in each open reading frames and then these results have been compared with the physical state of the viral DNA determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Furthermore, we have analyzed the expression of HPV 16 mRNA and genome structure using DNA and RNA simultaneously extracted from CINs and cervical carcinomas using PCR and reverse transcription (RT-) PCR. Our data showed that the DNA regions from the El to Ll region were delet-ed in two of three CINs containing episomal HPV 16 and three out of seven cervical carcinomas containing integrated HPV 16. However, the E6/E7 region was conserved in all the HPV 16-positive samples. RT-PCR analysis has determined the presence of mRNA species which could encode the E6, E6*I, E6*II, E7, E2, E2 ? C, E1^E4, E1^E2 ? C, E4, E2 ? C-E5 and L2 proteins. The overall results of DNA and mRNA analyses in cervical lesions indicated that the expression patterns of the early and late transcripts studied were not specifically related to the grade of malignancy and the physical state or the deletion of the viral genome. Furthermore, alterations in the splicing pat-terns of HPV 16 transcripts may not be involved in tumor progression

Associations of chemical composition and sources of PM2.5 with lung function of severe asthmatic adults in a low air pollution environment of urban Nagasaki, Japan

Previous studies have linked ambient PM2.5 to decreased pulmonary function, but the influence of specific chemical elements and emission sources on the severe asthmatic is not well understood. We examined the mass, chemical constituents, and sources of PM2.5 for short-term associations with the pulmonary function of adults with severe asthma in a low air pollution environment in urban Nagasaki, Japan. We recruited 35 asthmatic adults and obtained the daily record of morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) in spring 2014–2016. PM2.5 filters were extracted from an air quality monitoring station (178 days) and measured for 27 chemical elements. Source apportionment was performed using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). We fitted generalized linear model with generalized estimating equation (GEE) method to estimate changes in PEF (from personal monthly maximum) and odds of severe respiratory deterioration (first ≥ 15% PEF reduction within a 1-week interval) associated with mass, constituents, and sources of PM2.5, with adjustment for temperature and relative humidity. Constituent sulfate (SO42−) and PM2.5 from oil combustion and traffic were associated with reduced PEF. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in SO42− (3.7 μg/m3, average lags 0–1) was associated with a decrease of 0.38% (95% confidence interval = −0.75% to −0.001%). An IQR increase in oil combustion and traffic-sourced PM2.5 (2.64 μg/m3, lag 1) was associated with a decrease of 0.33% (−0.62% to −0.002%). We found a larger PEF decrease associated with PM2.5 from dust/soil on Asian Dust days. There was no evidence linking total mass and metals to reduced pulmonary function. The ventilatory capacity of adults with severe asthma is susceptible to specific constituents/sources of PM2.5 such as sulfate and oil combustion and traffic despite active self-management of asthma and low air pollution levels in the study location