Synthesis, crystal structure, and characterization of two three-fold interpenetrating Co(II) coordination polymers based on 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid and length modulated bisimidazole ligands

<div><p>Two Co(II) coordination polymers, {[Co(bdc)(bib)(H₂O)]·H₂O}_n (<b>1</b>) and {[Co(bdc)(bibp)]}_n (<b>2</b>), where H₂bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bib = 1,4-bis(1-imidazolyl)benzene, and bibp = 4,4′-bis(imidazolyl)biphenyl, have been synthesized by solvothermal methods and characterized by IR spectra, element analyses, thermal analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex <b>1</b> exhibits a 3-D pillared-layer framework, the ligands of bib and bdc link Co ions to generate a 2-D layer structure, which is further pillared by the bib, giving the final 3-D pillared-layer networks. The void in <b>1</b> induces the three-fold interpenetrating structure. Complex <b>2</b> features three-fold interpenetrating 3-D architecture, bdc and bibp both adopt a bidentate bridging coordination to link Co ions to afford right- and left-handed helical chains; these helices fuse together and form the 3-D framework.</p></div

Expression of HSP90 in shoots (A) and roots (C) of heat stressed creeping bentgrass under different N levels using immunoblot and correponding band intensity of HSP90 in shoots (B) and roots (D) using Bio-rad Quantity One software.

<p>T1, T2, T3, and T4 represents the treatments of no N, low N, medium N, and high N, respectively. Shoot samples of low N treatment (T2) were omitted in protein gel blot analysis in order to accommodate all the samples across different sampling days on a same gel.M: protein standard for molecular weight; C: sample before heat stress. Equal amounts of protein (40 µg) were loaded to each lane. Solid arrow indicates the HSP, and the open arrow(s) indicate protein standard. Bars indicate standard error of means of different samples in replicate treatments (n = 3).</p

Effects of different N levels on shoot electrolyte leakage (ShEL) (A) and root viability (RV) (B) of creeping bentgrass under heat stress.

<p>Means followed by the same letters at each sampling day are not significantly different based on LSD test at <i>p</i> = 0.05 level. Day50: Fifty days after heat stress.</p

Expression of sHSP in shoots (A) and roots (C) of heat stressed creeping bentgrass under different N levels using immunoblot and correponding band intensity of sHSP in shoots (B) and roots (D) using Bio-rad Quantity One software.

<p>T1, T2, T3, and T4 represents the treatments of no N, low N, medium N, and high N, respectively. Shoot samples of low N treatment (T2) were omitted in protein gel blot analysis in order to accommodate all the samples across different sampling days on a same gel.M: protein standard for molecular weight; C: sample before heat stress. Equal amounts of protein (30 µg) were loaded to each lane. Solid arrow indicate the HSP, and the open arrow(s) indicate protein standard. Bars indicate standard error of means of different samples in replicate treatments (n = 3).</p

Effects of different N levels on turfgrass quality (TQ) (A), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (B), and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm)(C)of creeping bentgrass under heat stress.

<p>Means followed by the same letters at each sampling day are not significantly different based on LSD test at <i>p</i> = 0.05 level, except TQ (Day 36) at <i>p</i> = 0.1 level. Day50: Fifty days after heat stress.</p

Expression of HSP101 in shoots (A) and roots (C) of heat stressed creeping bentgrass under different N levels using immunoblot and correponding band intensity of HSP101 in shoots (B) and roots (D) using Bio-rad Quantity One software.

<p>T1, T2, T3, and T4 represents the treatments of no N, low N, medium N, and high N, respectively. Shoot samples of low N treatment (T2) were omitted in protein gel blot analysis in order to accommodate all the samples across different sampling days on a same gel.M: protein standard for molecular weight; C: sample before heat stress. Equal amounts of protein (40 µg) were loaded to each lane. Solid arrow indicates the HSP, and the open arrow(s) indicate protein standard. Bars indicate standard error of means of different samples in replicate treatments (n = 3).</p

Mean squares from the analysis of variance of turfgrass quality (TQ), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI),photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), shoot electrolyte leakage (ShEL), and root viability (RV) in creeping bentgrass treated with different levels of nitrogen under heat stress.

<p>**, * mean significant level at <i>p</i><0.01 and 0.05, respectively.</p

Additional file 1: of Transcriptomic analysis reveals vacuolar Na+ (K+)/H+ antiporter gene contributing to growth, development, and defense in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)

Table S5. Primer sequences used in the experiments. (DOCX 16 kb

Genome-Wide Detection of Selective Signatures in Chicken through High Density SNPs

<div><p>Chicken is recognized as an excellent model for studies of genetic mechanism of phenotypic and genomic evolution, with large effective population size and strong human-driven selection. In the present study, we performed Extended Haplotype Homozygosity (EHH) tests to identify significant core regions employing 600K SNP Chicken chip in an F2 population of 1,534 hens, which was derived from reciprocal crosses between White Leghorn and Dongxiang chicken. Results indicated that a total of 49,151 core regions with an average length of 9.79 Kb were identified, which occupied approximately 52.15% of genome across all autosomes, and 806 significant core regions attracted us mostly. Genes in candidate regions may experience positive selection and were considered to have possible influence on beneficial economic traits. A panel of genes including <i>AASDHPPT</i>, <i>GDPD5</i>, <i>PAR3</i>, <i>SOX6</i>, <i>GPC1</i> and a signal pathway of <i>AKT1</i> were detected with the most extreme P-values. Further enrichment analyses indicated that these genes were associated with immune function, sensory organ development and neurogenesis, and may have experienced positive selection in chicken. Moreover, some of core regions exactly overlapped with genes excavated in our previous GWAS, suggesting that these genes have undergone positive selection may affect egg production. Findings in our study could draw a comparatively integrate genome-wide map of selection signature in the chicken genome, and would be worthy for explicating the genetic mechanisms of phenotypic diversity in poultry breeding.</p></div

Genome-Wide Detection of Selective Signatures in Chicken through High Density SNPs - Fig 1

<p>The distribution of the size of haplotypes and the number of SNPs in the core regions (a) and (b).</p