Additional file 1 of Clinical benefits and risks of anticoagulation therapy according to the degree of chronic kidney disease in patients with atrial fibrillation

Supplementary table

Frequency and clinical impact of retained implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead materials in heart transplant recipients

<div><p>End-stage heart failure patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) with/without cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT-D) often require heart transplantation (HTPL) as a last-resort treatment. We aimed to assess the frequency and clinical impact of retained ICD lead materials in HTPL patients. In this retrospective single center study, we examined the clinical records and chest radiographs of patients with ICD and CRT-D who underwent HTPL between January 1992 and July 2014. Of 40 patients with ICD and CRT-D at HTPL, 19 (47.5%) patients had retained ICD lead materials within the central venous system. Retained ICD lead materials following HTPL were more frequently noted in patients with longer implantation durations until HTPL. None of the patients underwent extraction procedures after HTPL. All patients were asymptomatic and did not exhibit significant complications or death related to the retained ICD lead materials. Seven (7/40, 17.5%) patients without any retained ICD lead materials underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the follow-up period (median, 29.5 months); none of the patients with retained lead materials were given MRI. Considering the common use of MRI in HTPL patients, further studies on the prophylactic extraction of retained ICD lead materials and safety of MRI in these patients are needed.</p></div

Clinical, Echocardiographic, and Electrocardiographic Predictors of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation after Dual-Chamber Pacemaker Implantation: An Integrated Scoring Model Approach

<div><p>Persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) predictors after dual-chamber pacemaker (PM) implantation remain unclear. We sought to determine these predictors and establish an integrated scoring model. Data were retrospectively reviewed for 649 patients (63.8 ± 12.3 years, 48.6% male, mean CHA₂DS₂–VASC score 2.7 ± 2.0) undergoing dual-chamber PM implantation. PeAF was defined as documented AF on two consecutive electrocardiograms acquired ≥7 days apart. During a 7.1-year median follow-up (interquartile range 4.5–10.1 years), 67 (10.3%) patients had PeAF. Multivariable analysis showed the following independent predictors of future PeAF: ischemic stroke or transient ischemic accident history (hazard ratio [HR] 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–3.50, p = 0.040), atrial fibrillation/flutter history (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.01–3.20, p = 0.046), sinus node disease (HR 2.24, 95% CI 1.16–4.35, p = 0.016), left atrial enlargement (>45 mm, HR 2.14, 95% CI 1.26–3.63, p = 0.005), and time in automatic mode switching >1% at first follow-up interrogation (HR 2.58, 95% CI 1.51–4.42, p < 0.001). An integrated scoring model combining these predictors showed good discrimination performance at the seven-year follow-up. (C-statistic 0.716, 95% CI 0.629–0.802, p < 0.001). Significantly greater seven-year PeAF incidences were seen in patients with higher scores (2–5) than in those with lower scores (0–1) (22.8% ± 3.8% vs. 5.3% ± 1.7%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, an integrated scoring model combining clinical, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic characteristics is useful for predicting future PeAF in patients with a dual-chamber PM.</p></div

PeAF incidence in low or high-scoring groups defined by integrated scoring models one and two.

<p>PeAF incidence in the high-scoring group was significantly greater than in the low-scoring group for both models one (20.6% ± 3.4% vs. 2.9% ± 0.9%, p < 0.001) and two (22.8% ± 3.8% vs. 5.3% ± 1.7%, p < 0.001).</p

Flow diagram of study patients.

<p>Flow diagram of study patients.</p

Predictors of persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation.

<p>Predictors of persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation.</p

Pacemaker settings and data acquired immediately post-procedure and at follow-up interrogation.

<p>Pacemaker settings and data acquired immediately post-procedure and at follow-up interrogation.</p