Formation of a tourism brand of Rostov region for foreign tourists

The authors of the article focus both on aspects of Linguocultural training of professionals to work with foreign tourists and on the problem of the choice of the tourism brand of Rostov Region, its historical stages, as well as the issue of the lack of a systematic approach to its formatio

Complex of Measures Aimed at Prevention of Ebola Virus Disease Importation and Transmission, Performed within the Frames of Sanitary Protection of the Territories of the Russian Federation

An estimated scope of measures, aimed at the prevention of Ebola virus disease importation and transmission in the territory of the Russian Federation, targets the maximum level of hazard to the population. It has a complex interagency character, whereby the Federal service for surveillance in the sphere of consumers rights protection and human welfare functions as coordinator and principal executing agency. The measures affect the following areas: regulatory compliance and methodological support, sanitary-quarantine control reinforcement at the entry points on the state border of the Russian Federation, strengthening of anti-epidemic preparedness of the Rospotrebnadzor and public healthcare institutions and authorities, including operational preparedness of the laboratory facilities, information support within the framework of epidemiological surveillance, and involvement in the activities under the international collaboration for epidemic response and control. Practices have been completed as regards series of actions conducted from the time of the case identification and further on; evacuation of the infected and suspected individuals, procedures for sanitary disinfection, interventions in the relation to contact persons, and readiness for anti-epidemic measures performance

Tumor inflating lymphocytes. Purification, expanding and cytotoxicity analisys on primary tumor cultures

Background. Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) is one of the most promising sources of autologous cytotoxic T-cells for adoptive immunotherapy, which has already shown high efficiency in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, the isolation of TILs from solid tumors is technically difficult. A suppressive tumor microenvironment, in particular, a high level of expression of check-point inhibitors PD-1 CTLA4, tissue hypoxia and other factors cause that T cells isolated from the tumor do not proliferate well and do not exhibit cytotoxic properties. Aims. In this study, we isolated TILs from surgical material obtained by resection of solid tumors (primary and metastatic adenocarcinomas of various localization, melanoma, glioblastoma), studied their population composition and developed protocols for the purification expanding, and activation of CD4+, CD8+ cytotoxic antitumor lymphocytes. Methods. An urgent task is the activation of TILs, turning off immunosuppressive mechanisms and increasing their antitumor cytotoxic activity. Various approaches are used for this: activation by a cocktail of cytokines and antibodies, editing the lymphocyte genome by knocking out suppressor genes or, conversely, transduction of activating genes, coincubation with feeder cells, etc. Cells were obtained from samples of resected tumors in 16 patients; in each case we obtain an autologous pair: the primary tumor culture and the TILs culture. Results. We could isolate viable lymphocytes in 100% of cases. Isolated TILs were successfully expanded in our specialized medium using various combinations of IL-2, IL-15, IL-21, IL-7, anti-CD3 and anti-CD28. Immunophenotyping showed that the obtained TILs are a heterogeneous mixture of CD4+, CD8+ cells containing populations of CD3+CD8+CD45+(CTL) CD3+CD4+CD45+ (T-helpers), CD4+CD25+CD127- (Т-regulatory cells), CD3-CD56+CD45+ (NK-cells), CD3+CD56+CD45+ (Т-NK-cells). The initial cultures of TILs were also characterized by a high level of PD1 expression, indicating their low antitumor cytotoxicity. Using different protocols of isolation, expansion, and activation, we obtained a cell preparation containing 80% of CD8+ PD-1- activated TILs in an amount sufficient for adoptive therapy (500106 or more). An in vitro study of the cytotoxicity of obtained TILs in primary cultures of homologous tumors using RTCA Icelligence showed high cytotoxicity, providing almost 100% tumor cell death. Conclusion. Our developed protocol for the production and activation of TILs can be recommended for the phase III clinical trials of adoptive immunotherapy of recurrent, highly metastatic solid tumors

Experience in International Cooperation on Organization of Anti-Epidemic Measures by Health Care Institutions under COVID-19 Pandemic in the Republic of Uzbekistan

The results of the joint work of a panel of experts from Rospotrebnadzor and healthcare professionals of the Republic of Uzbekistan on organizing activities to counter the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus are described in the paper.The goal of the study was to determine the main driving forces of COVID-19 spread in the Republic of Uzbekistan and develop an action plan to reduce the incidence of coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.Materials and methods. The organization of work in 14 health care institutions in Tashkent and Samarkand, as well as in Tashkent and Samarkand Regions, was analyzed: in 7 laboratories, 6 hospitals and 1 polyclinic. The routes for the movement of personnel, the demarcation of green and red zones, the features of disinfection and the use of personal protective equipment were studied. Attention is drawn to the diagnosis of COVID-19, the use of therapy aimed at reducing the period of virus shedding, the criteria for lifting quarantine restrictions for patients.Results and discussion. The main factors in the organization of work of institutions that contribute to the spread of COVID-19 among medical personnel and the population have been identifed: the lack of equipped gateways between the red and green zones with the accessibility of adequate disinfection, the wrong choice of personal protective equipment, monitoring of contact persons for 10 days, discharge from hospitals based on clinical improvement. The incorrect use of antiviral therapy, the lack of differentiated approaches to the selection of optimal regimens have been noted. Proposals are formulated for organizing the work of healthcare institutions, taking into account the requirements of biological safety. The introduction of targeted measures in addition to those previously adopted has led to a signifcant improvement in the epidemic situation: the total number of active cases in the Republic of Uzbekistan, despite the increase in testing volumes, decreased from 3,686 people on August 23 to 2335 on October 27. Towards December 20, 2020, 97 % of patients recovered completely. All diagnostic triage centers in the Republic of Uzbekistan are closed due to the absence of patients with COVID-19, most of the country’s medical institutions previously re-profled for patients with coronavirus infection have returned to the routine operations

Winter hardiness in winter rye: problems and solutions

High winter hardiness is an advantage of winter rye over other cereals. This trait is determined by a number of parameters: biological and genetic properties, weather conditions and technological features. The main reasons of failure of winter rye sowings in North-East of European Russia are frost-killing and asphyxiation. Frost-killing is characteristic for beginning of winter with low snow cover and for cold spell in spring. The critical situation with frost damage in the region was recorded in 2009-2010 when soil temperature at the depth of tillering zone site continuously kept at -18 °С day and night. The depth of soil freezing was more than a meter. Winter wheat and triticale were almost completely winterkilled in Kirov region. The failure rate of winter rye Falenskaya 4 in Federal Agricultural Scientific Center of North-East was equal to 17%. Annual damage of rye production in the region is caused by asphyxiation and affection by snow mold (M nivale). On the average damage caused by this disease is 15-20% and in some years even more. Other unfavorable factors of overwintering are shell ice, damping-off and pushing-out of crops. Stability of winter rye production depends on observing the cultivation technology and breeding of highly winter-hardy varieties. Thus, winter resistance is one of the key priorities of breeding programs in North-East of European Russia. The development of such varieties depends on improvement the breeding methods and use of sources of winter hardiness corresponded to region conditions

Selection of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) for aluminum and acid resistance.

Estimation of initial materials and selection of resistant biotypes were carried out in stress conditions of field, greenhouse and laboratory experiments. Classical and biotechnological methods (callus and cell selection) were used in creation of initial materials. Some cultivars had high level of aluminum resistance (RRL 80-100%). Activity of root acid phosphatases indicated high level of resistance of these cultivars. Root oxidizing activity allows distinguish these cultivars between each other, but not correlated with field data on their productivity. Aluminium stress leaded to reduction of number of productive caulis, reduction of autumn tillering, significant decrease of number of caulis in winter-spring period, decrease of regenerative ability after snow mould. Cultivar “Kirovskaja 89” was referred as relative acid- and aluminium resistant. The population “Cyprez” was obtained from cultivar “Kirovskaja 89” by periodical selection and had higher thickness of productive caulis and exceeded initial form by productivity. Cultivars “Falenskaja 4” and “Snezhana” were created by using classical methods of breeding. Short-stem cultivar “Regina” was formed from best regenerant plants, obtained by methods of cell selection. This cultivar exceeded standard “Vjatka 2” under aluminium field condition on 0.76 t/ha. Investigations confirm the opportunity of creation of winter rye cultivars, which combine acid and aluminium resistance with high stable productivity, high winter hardness and resistance to logging. In Poland the administration of the statutory variety examination (DUS and VCU tests) and the maintenance of the Register of Cultivars and the Register of Plant Breeder’s Rights are provided by the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing (COBORU) located at Slupia Wielka

BREEDING RESULTS OF WINTER RYE ON TOLERANCE TO DISEASES AND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE NORTH-EAST RIA

The article presents the breeding results of winter rye in the North-East RIA for 64 years. The immunity and productivity of 9 released varieties, such as ‘Vyatka 2’ (1950), ‘Dymka’ (1993), ‘Kirovskaya 89’ (1993), ‘Falenskaya 4’ (1999), ‘Snezhana’ (2004), ‘Rushnik’ (2008), ‘Flora’ (2010), ‘Rada’ (2014), ‘Grafinya’ (in SVT from 2013) have been analyzed. According to the breeding methods and initial material used in the work, and the years of including of the varieties into the State Register, they have been divided into three stages of variety change and breeding having 3 varieties in each. The consistent breeding improved immunity of the varieties to snow mold, root rot and ergot. The varieties of the third stage of breeding, in comparison with the first one, showed the reduce of snow mold damage on 5,7-11,3% , their germination increased on 1,3-13,6%; root rot damage decreased from 0,30 to 0,08%, ergot damage was reduced from 3,5 to 2,6%. The most significant change in ergot damage decrease occurred among the varieties of the second and the third breeding stages. The varieties ‘Flora’, ‘Rada’, ‘Grafinya’ turned to be more tolerant to the diseases than the highly sensitive variety ‘Snezhana’. The studied varieties didn’t show any improvement in their resistance to such diseases as fusarium head blight, powdery mildew and kinds of rust. The only variety ‘Snezhana’ has shown better tolerance to rust and the variety ‘Grafinya’ turned to be less sensitive to fusarium head blight. During the breeding winter rye productivity has significantly changed.  During 9 years of study the productivity of the varieties of the first breeding stage was 4,91 t/ha, the productivity of the varieties of the second breeding stage was 5,28 t/ha, the productivity of the varieties of the third breeding stage was 5,64 t/ha. The productivity of the new varieties ‘Flora’, ‘Rada’ and ‘Grafinya’ greatly exceeds that of the previous ones. The most productive variety is ‘Rada’ with an average value of 5,72 t/ha and with a maximum one of 8,46 t/ha