Selection of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) for aluminum and acid resistance.

Abstract

Estimation of initial materials and selection of resistant biotypes were carried out in stress conditions of field, greenhouse and laboratory experiments. Classical and biotechnological methods (callus and cell selection) were used in creation of initial materials. Some cultivars had high level of aluminum resistance (RRL 80-100%). Activity of root acid phosphatases indicated high level of resistance of these cultivars. Root oxidizing activity allows distinguish these cultivars between each other, but not correlated with field data on their productivity. Aluminium stress leaded to reduction of number of productive caulis, reduction of autumn tillering, significant decrease of number of caulis in winter-spring period, decrease of regenerative ability after snow mould. Cultivar “Kirovskaja 89” was referred as relative acid- and aluminium resistant. The population “Cyprez” was obtained from cultivar “Kirovskaja 89” by periodical selection and had higher thickness of productive caulis and exceeded initial form by productivity. Cultivars “Falenskaja 4” and “Snezhana” were created by using classical methods of breeding. Short-stem cultivar “Regina” was formed from best regenerant plants, obtained by methods of cell selection. This cultivar exceeded standard “Vjatka 2” under aluminium field condition on 0.76 t/ha. Investigations confirm the opportunity of creation of winter rye cultivars, which combine acid and aluminium resistance with high stable productivity, high winter hardness and resistance to logging. In Poland the administration of the statutory variety examination (DUS and VCU tests) and the maintenance of the Register of Cultivars and the Register of Plant Breeder’s Rights are provided by the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing (COBORU) located at Slupia Wielka