Survey on Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Using POB Histogram Method

This paper describes a survey on reversible data hiding in encrypted images. Data hiding is a process to embed useful data into cover media. Data invisibility is its major requirement. Data hiding can be done in audio, video, image, text, and picture. Here use an image for data hiding especially digital images and existing method (Histogram Block Shift Base Method) HBSBM or POB. Now a day's reversible data hiding in encrypted images is in use due to its excellent property which is original cover image can be recovered with no loss after extraction of the embedded data. Also, it protects the original data. According to the level and kind of application one or more data hiding methods is used. Data hiding can be done in audio, video, text, and image and other forms of information. Some data hiding techniques emphasize on digital image security, some on the robustness of digital image hiding process while other's main focus is on imperceptibility of a digital image. The capacity of digital information which has to hide is also the main concern in some of the applications. The objective of some of the papers mentioned below is to achieve two or more than two parameters i.e. Security, robustness, imperceptibility and capacity but some of the parameters are trade-off which means only one can be achieved on the cost of other. So the data hiding techniques aiming to achieve maximum requirements i.e. security, robustness, capacity, imperceptibility etc. and which can be utilized in the larger domain of applications is desired. Related work for techniques used for data hiding in a digital image is described in this paper

An Efficient Digital Image Watermarking Based on DCT and Advanced Image Data Embedding Method

Digital image enhancement and digital content or data image secure using DCT and advanced image data embedding method (AIDEM). AIDEM improved robustness based on particle shifting concept is reproduced secure image data and manipulated there’s a robust would like for a digital image copyright mechanism to be placed in secure image data. There’s a necessity for authentication of the content because of the owner. It’s become more accessible for malicious parties to create scalable copies of proprietary content with any compensation to the content owner. Advanced Watermarking is being viewed as a potential goal to the current downside. Astounding watermarking plans are arranged assaults on the watermarked picture are twisted and proposed to give insurance of proprietorship freedoms, information treating, and information uprightness. These methods guarantee unique information recuperation from watermarked information, while irreversible watermarking plans safeguard proprietorship freedoms. This attribute of reversible watermarking has arisen as an applicant answer for the assurance of proprietorship freedoms of information, unfortunate to alterations, for example, clinical information, genetic information, Visa, and financial balance information. These attacks are also intentional or unintentional. The attacks are classified as geometric attacks. This research presents a comprehensive and old method of these techniques that are developed and their effectiveness. Digital watermarking was developed to supply copyright protection and owners’ authentication. Digital image watermarking may be a methodology for embedding some information into digital image sequences, like text image, image data, during this research analysis on image watermarking and attacks on watermarking process time image data, classification of watermarking and applications. We aim to secure image data using advanced image data embedding method (AIDEM) improved robustness based particle shifting concept is reproduced secure image data. To develop compelling digital image watermarking methodology using mat lab tool and reliable and robust

Carrier type reversal in Pb modified Se80In20 semiconducting glassy alloys

The effective thermal conductivity (λe), effective thermal diffusivity (χe) and specific heat per unit volume (ρCp) of twin pellets of Se80In20-xPbx (x = 0, 5, 10 and 15) glasses have been measured at room temperature by using transient plane source (TPS) technique. All three parameters have been varied with Pb content and show reversal trend for 5 at. wt.% of Pb. This reversal trend can be explained on the basis of carrier type reversal as a consequence of unpinning of the Fermi level due to incorporation of Pb in Se-In glassy system

ROLE OF JALOUKAVACHARAN IN THROMBOSED HEMORRHOIDS- A CASE STUDY

Todays fast and developing age blessed us with many improved life aids. But along with this todays lifestyle given us many ailments. Hemorrhoids are one of them which affect all economical groups of population. Hemorrhoids are dilatation of rectal veins. Thrombosed Hemorrhoid is a very painful and extremely uncomfortable condition. This condition worsen when strangulation develops that cutoffs blood supply. Typically a clot of blood making it very painful. According to Ayurveda Arsha (hemorrhoids) is defined as Maanski (External hemorrhoids) that obstructs anal opening causing severe pain during defecation like an enemy. Aacharya Sushruta mentioned Jaloukavacharan as treatment of choice in this painful condition. In the presented case we applied Jalouka on thrombosed hemorrhoids. This application provides local analgesic, thrombolytic and anti-inflammatory action along with significant symptomatic improvement to the patient

EFFECT OF ANNEALING ON STRUCTURES AND EFFECTIVE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF Se 90 In 10 CHALCOGENIDE GLASS

The annealing phenomena have been observed on the pellets of Se 90 In 10 chalcogenide glass by annealing at 50 o C and 100 o C for 2h. The structure and effective thermal conductivity of as prepared and annealed samples of Se 90 In 10 chalcogenide have been investigated by XRD and transient plane source (TPS) method, respectively. A considerable change has been found in both structures and effective thermal conductivity for annealing at 50 o C (2h). However, by annealing at 100 o C for 2h the glassy Se 90 In 10 transforms into crystalline Se 90 In 10 and its effective thermal conductivity drastically decreases. Therefore, the change of the structure and of the effective thermal conductivity of Se 90 In 10 chalcogenide glassy material evidence specific structural relaxation phenomena

Structural phase transitions in perovskite BaCeO3 with data mining and first-principles theoretical calculations

Several experiments conducted over decades have revealed that the perovskite-structured BaCeO3 goes through a series of temperature-induced structural phase transitions. However, it has been frequently observed that the number of phases and the sequence in which they appear as a function of temperature differ between experiments. Insofar as neutron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy experiments are concern, four structures are well characterized with three transitions: Pnma to Imma [563 K] to R-3c [673 K] to Pm-3m [1173 K]. In contrast, thermoanalytical methods showed multiple singularities corresponding to at-least three more structural transitions at around 830 K, 900 K, and 1030 K. In account of these conflicting experimental findings, we computed free energy phase diagram for BaCeO3 employing crystal structure data mining in conjunction with first principles electronic structure and phonon lattice dynamics. A total of 34 polymorphs have been predicted, the most stable of which follows the Glazer classification of the perovskite tilt system. It has been predicted that the Cmcm and P4/mbm phases surpass Pnma at 666 K and 1210 K, respectively. At any temperature, two alternate tetragonal phases (P42/nmc and I4/mcm) are also found to be 20 to 30 meV less favored than the Pnma. While the calculated stability order of the predicted polymorphs is in acceptable agreement with the results of neutron diffraction, the transitions observed in thermoanalytical studies could be ascribed to the development of four novel phases (Cmcm, P4/mbm, P42/nmc, and I4/mcm) at intermediate temperatures. However, we analyze that the R-3c phase predominantly stabilized over a broad temperature field, masking all subsequent phases up until the cubic Pm-3m. Consequently, the novel phases predicted to occur in thermoanalytical studies are only fleetingly metastable.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

Influence of the rate of radiation energy on the charge-carrier kinetics application of all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystal

In the field of optoelectronics, all-inorganic CsPbBr(3)perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have gained significant interest on account of their superb processability and ultra-high stability among all the counterparts. In this study, we conducted an in-depth analysis of CsPbBr3PNCs using joint transient optical spectroscopies (time-resolved photoluminescence and ultrafast transient absorption) in a very comprehensive manner. In order to understand the in-depth analysis of excited-state kinetics, the transient absorption spectroscopy has been performed. The structure of interest of CsPbBr3PNCs was subjected to the rates of the radiation energy of 0.10 mW (kappa(r)/kappa(nr)= similar to 0.62) and 0.30 mW (kappa(r)/kappa(nr)= similar to 0.64). With the rate of radiation energy 0.30 mW, it was observed that there was a significant increase in hot carrier relaxation together with high radiative recombination, resulting in a decrease in charge trappings. Herein, we demonstrate that the tuning of the rate of radiation energies helps to understand the charge-carrier kinetics of CsPbBr3PNCs, which would thus improve the manufacturing of efficient photovoltaic devices