Protective Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α Agonist, Wy14643, on Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Primary Rat Hepatocytes

This study investigates the effects and possible mechanism of an agonist of PPARα, Wy14643, on primary hepatocytes subjected to H/R injury in rats. H/R induced a significant increase ALT, AST, MDA in the culture medium and ROS in the hepatocytes. These effects were reversed by pretreatment with Wy14643 in the dose-dependent manner. The activity of SOD and the level of GSH in the hepatocytes were decreased after H/R, which were increased by Wy14643 pretreatment. Moreover, the mRNA expressions of PPARα significantly increased in H/R+Wy14643 groups when compared with that in H/R group. A PPARα agonist, Wy14643, exerts significant protective effect against H/R injury in primary hepatocytes via PPARα activation and attenuating oxidative stress

Searching for doubly charmed tetraquark candidates TccT_{cc} and TccsˉT_{cc\bar{s}} in BcB_c decays

In this work, we propose to search for the exotic doubly charmed meson $T_{cc}^+$ and its analog $T_{cc\bar{s}}^+$ in $B_c^+$ decays, which provide a good environment for the formation of the exotic state containing double charm quarks. Within the molecular scheme, the production of $T_{cc}^+$ and $T_{cc\bar{s}}^+$ through various rescattering processes with different intermediate states are investigated. For the moderate values of model parameters, the branching ratios of $B_c^+$ decaying into $T_{cc}^+ \bar{D}^{0}$, $T_{cc}^+ \bar{D}^{*0}$, $T_{cc\bar{s}}^+ \bar{D}^{0}$ and $T_{cc\bar{s}}^+ \bar{D}^{*0}$ are estimated to be of the order of $10^{-7}$, $10^{-5}$, $10^{-6}$ and $10^{-4}$, respectively, which may be tested by future experiments.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

Oxycodone vs. sufentanil combined with quadratus lumborum block vs. transverse abdominis plane block in laparoscopic major gastrointestinal surgery: A randomized factorial trial protocol

Background: Multimodal analgesia plays a key role in enhanced recovery after surgery. Herein, we describe a trial protocol investigating the effects of oxycodone-vs. sufentanil-based patient-controlled analgesia in combination with quadratus lumborum block (QLB) vs. transverse abdominis plane block (TAPB) on quality of recovery following major laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: and analysis: This is a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design. A total of 120 adult patients undergoing laparoscopic major gastrointestinal surgery will be randomized, in a 1:1:1:1 ratio, to receive one of two patient-controlled analgesia regimens (based on oxycodone or sufentanil) and one of two regional blocks (QLB or TAPB). The primary outcome measure of this trial is the quality of recovery at 24 h after surgery, assessed using the 15-item quality of recovery (QoR-15) scale. The secondary outcomes include QoR-15 scores at 48 and 72 h after surgery; visceral and incisional pain at rest and while coughing at 1, 6, 24 and 48 h postoperatively; analgesic consumption within 0–24 h and 24–48 h postoperatively; need for rescue analgesia; postoperative flatus time; postoperative adverse events (sedation, nausea and vomiting, use of antiemetics, respiratory depression, and dizziness); and length of postoperative hospital stay. Discussion: The results of this trial will provide evidence for the optimal multimodal analgesic strategy to improve the quality of recovery for patients undergoing laparoscopic major gastrointestinal surgery. Trial registration: This trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (www.chictr.org.cn, identifier: ChiCTR2400080766)

Dexmedetomidine post-treatment attenuates cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis through HIF-1α signalling.

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) plays a critical role in the apoptotic process during cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study aimed to investigate whether post-treatment with dexmedetomidine (DEX) could protect against I/R-induced cardiac apoptosis in vivo and in vitro via regulating HIF-1α signalling pathway. Rat myocardial I/R was induced by occluding the left anterior descending artery for 30 minutes followed by 6-hours reperfusion, and cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) was induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 6 hours followed by 3-hours reoxygenation. Dexmedetomidine administration at the beginning of reperfusion or reoxygenation attenuated I/R-induced myocardial injury or H/R-induced cell death, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, inhibited the activation of HIF-1α and modulated the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins including BCL-2, BAX, BNIP3, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. Conversely, the HIF-1α prolyl hydroxylase-2 inhibitor IOX2 partly blocked DEX-mediated cardioprotection both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, DEX down-regulated HIF-1α expression at the post-transcriptional level and inhibited the transcriptional activation of the target gene BNIP3. Post-treatment with DEX protects against cardiac I/R injury in vivo and H/R injury in vitro. These effects are, at least in part, mediated via the inhibition of cell apoptosis by targeting HIF-1α signalling

Comparison of the refractive error changes among young children in ten years interval

AIM: To compare the optometric examination results of myopic young children between those diagnosed in the period from 1998 to 2000 and those diagnosed in the period from 2008 to 2010; and to find out the causes of myopia and factors that worsen the condition, and suggest methods of its prevention and treatment.<p>METHODS: This study was a retrospective case study. We randomly selected sample from out-patient department register of cases and divided them into two main groups, ‘ten year before group'(TYBG)(1998/2000 year cases)and ‘ten years later group'(2008/2010 year cases)(TYLG). Each group was further subdivided into three sub-groups by age: under-six years old children group(CG), seven-twelve years old primary-school group(PSG)and thirteen-eighteen years old middle-school group(MSG). The optometric examination results were statistically analyzed.<p>RESULTS: The difference of the mean dioptre between the TYBG and TYLG was strongly statistically significant, also forward-lead trend of age when children suffered from myopia was found(<i>P<</i>0.01). There was a significant increase of dioptre among PSG and MSG in TYLG compared to TYBG(<i>P</i><0.01). After analyzing the relationship between dioptre and age, this study showed an increase of the proportion of myopia patients from 35.2% to 50.0% in PSG in ten years interval. This proportion decreases in MSG and remains stable in CG. All cases had been divided into slight myopia, medium myopia and high myopia, depending on their own myopia dioptre. The biggest difference of myopia dioptre were seen in MSG where the proportion of medium myopia patients increased 11.4% and high myopia patients increased 7.9% in TYLG.<p>CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the age of getting myopia was forward lead, the dioptre increases by 1.00 degree and the prevalence of myopia is increasing gradually. This situation may due to the modern life style and changes of living standard of the population. Therefore, prevention of myopia should concentrate more on younger children at kindergarten and primary school stage students

Phenomenological study on the significance of the scalar potential and Lamb shift

We indicated in our previous work that for QED the contributions of the scalar potential which appears at the loop level is much smaller than that of the vector potential and in fact negligible. But the situation may be different for QCD, one reason is that the loop effects are more significant because $\alpha_s$ is much larger than $\alpha$, and secondly the non-perturbative QCD effects may induce the scalar potential. In this work, we phenomenologically study the contribution of the scalar potential to the spectra of charmonia. Taking into account both vector and scalar potentials, by fitting the well measured charmonia spectra, we re-fix the relevant parameters and test them by calculating other states of the charmonia family. We also consider the role of the Lamb shift and present the numerical results with and without involving the Lamb shift

Numerical Simulation of Lateral Ventilation for Moisture Retention of Grain Storage at Different Ventilation Temperatures

In order to ensure the quality of rice in long-term storage, it is of great significance to simulate and analyze the horizontal cooling and water-retaining ventilation under the conditions of same humidity and different ventilation temperatures.Based on the heat and mass transfer theory of hygroscopic porous media,this study applied the existing mathematical model of heat and moisture transfer of grain reactor, and analyzed the change rule of different air inlet temperature on the temperature and moisture of grain storage barn under the same humidity with the numerical simulation method.The results showed that when the initial temperature of the grain reactor was 25 ℃ and the air inlet temperature was 17 ℃, the cooling rate of the grain reactor was the fastest and the moisture absorption and desorption of grain reached the balance first,and the water retention effect inside the grain reactor was the best.When coupling heat and moisture transfer was carried out between the grain layer 0.4 m away from the air inlet and the air inlet at different temperatures, the grain layer temperature and moisture decreased in the same trend.The higher the air inlet temperature was, the more obvious the moisture loss was.The lower the inlet air temperature was, the greater the drop in grain stack temperature was.As the distance between the grain layer and the air inlet increased,the cooling effect of the grain layer became worse.When the ventilation temperature was 19 ℃, the temperature of the grain layer 26.2 m away from the air outlet almost kept the initial temperature of the granary unchanged, so the cooling effect cannot be achieved