Multimedia Chinese Web Search Engines: A Survey

The objective of this paper is to explore the state of multimedia search functionality on major general and dedicated Web search engines in Chinese language. The authors studied: a) how many Chinese Web search engines presently make use of multimedia searching, and b) the type of multimedia search functionality available. Specifically, the following were examined: a) multimedia features - features allowing multimedia search; and b) extent of personalization - the extent to which a search engine Web site allows users to control multimedia search. Overall, Chinese Web search engines offer limited multimedia searching functionality. The significance of the study is based on two factors: a) little research has been conducted on Chinese Web search engines, and b) the instrument used in the study and the results obtained by this research could help users, Web designers, and Web search engine developers. By large, general Web search engines support more multimedia features than specialized one

Plume formation in strongly temperature-dependent viscosity fluids: Application to early Mars

One of the most prominent features of Mars is the hemispherical dichotomy. The Martian surface consists of a heavily cratered elevated southern hemisphere and a resurfaced depressed northern hemisphere. The dichotomy seems to have formed very early in the history of the planet. Another interesting feature is a remnant magnetization of the crust, which suggests that early Mars had a magnetic field. Investigation of the origin of these features provides insights into the early history of Mars as well as other terrestrial planets including Earth. We develop a hypothesis that the dichotomy is caused by an early transient superplume produced by a hot Martian core. At first glance, the superplume hypothesis seems unlikely because the number of plumes in typical fluids heated from below is very large and the plumes are relatively small. However, solid rocks are rather unusual fluids whose viscosity varies with temperature by many orders of magnitude. Plume formation in such fluids is a complex and poorly understood phenomena. Thus, we begin with a systematic two-dimensional numerical and theoretical investigation of plume formation in strongly temperature-dependent viscosity fluids. Then we extend both the numerical calculations and the theory to fully three- dimensional geometry. We find the conditions under which a single transient superplume forms. One of the most important conditions is the requirement that the core was at least several hundred degrees Kelvin hotter than the mantle. Geophysical data and theoretical models of core formation suggest that this is likely to be the case. We find that the superplume can easily satisfy the timing constraints on the formation of the dichotomy. In the last part we consider the coupled core-mantle thermal evolution and investigate the cooling of the initially superheated core and the generation of the magnetic field on early Mars. We show that the core cooling is sufficiently rapid to induce convection inside the core and allow the operation of the magnetic dynamo. In our models, the magnetic field exists for millions to hundreds of millions of years after planetary formation, which is consistent with observations

Improving spatial resolution of confocal Raman microscopy by super-resolution image restoration

A new super-resolution image restoration confocal Raman microscopy method (SRIR-RAMAN) is proposed for improving the spatial resolution of confocal Raman microscopy. This method can recover the lost high spatial frequency of the confocal Raman microscopy by using Poisson-MAP super-resolution imaging restoration, thereby improving the spatial resolution of confocal Raman microscopy and realizing its super-resolution imaging. Simulation analyses and experimental results indicate that the spatial resolution of SRIR-RAMAN can be improved by 65% to achieve 200 nm with the same confocal Raman microscopy system. This method can provide a new tool for high spatial resolution micro-probe structure detection in physical chemistry, materials science, biomedical science and other areas

SelfReformer: Self-Refined Network with Transformer for Salient Object Detection

The global and local contexts significantly contribute to the integrity of predictions in Salient Object Detection (SOD). Unfortunately, existing methods still struggle to generate complete predictions with fine details. There are two major problems in conventional approaches: first, for global context, high-level CNN-based encoder features cannot effectively catch long-range dependencies, resulting in incomplete predictions. Second, downsampling the ground truth to fit the size of predictions will introduce inaccuracy as the ground truth details are lost during interpolation or pooling. Thus, in this work, we developed a Transformer-based network and framed a supervised task for a branch to learn the global context information explicitly. Besides, we adopt Pixel Shuffle from Super-Resolution (SR) to reshape the predictions back to the size of ground truth instead of the reverse. Thus details in the ground truth are untouched. In addition, we developed a two-stage Context Refinement Module (CRM) to fuse global context and automatically locate and refine the local details in the predictions. The proposed network can guide and correct itself based on the global and local context generated, thus is named, Self-Refined Transformer (SelfReformer). Extensive experiments and evaluation results on five benchmark datasets demonstrate the outstanding performance of the network, and we achieved the state-of-the-art

Analytical controllability of deterministic scale-free networks and Cayley trees

According to the exact controllability theory, the controllability is investigated analytically for two typical types of self-similar bipartite networks, i.e., the classic deterministic scale-free networks and Cayley trees. Due to their self-similarity, the analytical results of the exact controllability are obtained, and the minimum sets of driver nodes (drivers) are also identified by elementary transformations on adjacency matrices. For these two types of undirected networks, no matter their links are unweighted or (nonzero) weighted, the controllability of networks and the configuration of drivers remain the same, showing a robustness to the link weights. These results have implications for the control of real networked systems with self-similarity.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; revised manuscript; added discussion about the general case of DSFN; added 3 reference

Development Plan of Unmanned System and Development Status of UUV Technology in Foreign Countries

The future battlefield will be unmanned combat as the leading role, and the unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) will play an important role in the future underwater battlefield. In order to maintain its maritime strategic advantages, the U. S. military has formulated a long-term development plan for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAS) in recent years. The technology of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV), which is characterized by strong endurance, high mobility, and high covert attack, has become the future development trend. In addition, Russia, with its strong industrial foundation and technical strength, has introduced its latest development status. At last, the latest research results of the new concept of surface/underwater cross-medium submarine were introduced. The results show that the new intelligent cross-medium submarine will become the mainstream of future development. The research provides a reference for the development of unmanned equipment in China